现代性问题的审美解答——黑格尔审美理论的思考

Aesthetic Solution to the Problem of Modernity--On Hegel’s Aesthetic Theory

按照波德莱尔对现代性的看法,艺术作品包含了暂时性和过渡性,这是艺术的一半,而另一半就是永恒性。黑格尔也是在这个意义上来理解艺术作品的,艺术作品的感性形式是暂时的、过渡的,而它所表达的理念是永恒的。在黑格尔看来,近代艺术的缺陷在于它不重视感性形式,而偏爱普遍的规则、原则,转向关注内心的情感上的矛盾冲突。它所表现的是内在的主体自由。而古典艺术是完善的艺术,它把感性形式和理性的精神完美地结合在一起。在黑格尔看来,虽然古典艺术也有缺陷,但是这不是古典艺术特有的,而是一切艺术都具有的,因为艺术只能用感性的形式来表达绝对理念,而这种表达始终是不足的。尽管如此,艺术能够达到感性和理性、精神和肉体的和解。这个和解也是解决现代性问题的一个重要途径。

According to Baudelaire’s view of modernity,works of art include temporality and transition,which is half of art,and the other half is eternity.Hegel also understands works of art in this sense.The perceptual form of works of art is temporary and transitional,and the idea it expresses is eternal.In Hegel’s view,the defect of modern art lies in that it does not pay attention to perceptual forms,but prefers general rules and principles,and turns to pay attention to the inner emotional conflicts.It shows the inner freedom of subject.Classical art is a perfect art,which combines perceptual form and rational spirit perfectly.In Hegel’s view,although classical art also has defects,this is not unique to classical art,but all arts have,because art can only express absolute ideas in the form of sensibility,and this expression is always insufficient.Nevertheless,art can achieve the reconciliation of sensibility and rationality,spirit and body.This reconciliation is also an important way to solve the problem of modernity.