日本老年人社会参与现状及对策研究

Research on the Present Situation and Countermeasures of Social Participation of the Elderly in Japan

为应对人口老龄化挑战,扩大老年人的社会参与,日本政府通过制定一系列政策措施鼓励和支持老年人利用自身的经验和知识,参加符合自己情况的生产性、创造性活动,以提升老年期人生价值。日本老年人的社会参与一般分为就业活动和非就业活动,对那些因经济问题而参与社会的老年人,主要是增加其就业机会;而对那些希望保持健康及发挥自我价值的老年人,主要是增加其社会参与机会。日本政府政策中贯穿的积极老龄化理念,以及将老年人从以往的"需要保护及抚养对象"转变为"社会参与主体"的做法,对于我国制定老年人社会参与政策具有重要借鉴意义。

In order to cope with the challenge of population aging and expand the social participation of the elderly,the Japanese government has formulated a series of policies and measures to encourage and support the elderly to use their own experience and knowledge to participate in productive and creative activities in line with their own situation,so as to improve the life value of the elderly.The social participation of the elderly in Japan is generally divided into employment activities and non-employment activities.For those who participate in the society due to economic problems,the main purpose is to increase their employment opportunities;for those who want to maintain health and play their self-worth,the main purpose is to increase their social participation opportunities.The idea of active aging that runs through the Japanese government’s policies,and the practice of transforming the elderly from the former“need to protect and support the object”to“the main body of social participation”,are of great significance for China’s formulation of social participation policies for the elderly.