摘要
科学控制梯级水库蓄泄过程是减少旱灾损失的重要手段。以减少干旱年份流域缺水量和优化缺水时空分布为目标,构建应对干旱的梯级水库群多时空尺度协同优化调度模型。采用交互式与改进粒子群优化方法,外层寻求多年调节水库旱限水位最优控制,内层优化梯级水库群年内蓄泄过程,实现流域水资源年际调控、年内优化、库群协同、空间协调。以2014年的黄河流域重旱为例,通过模型优化提出2012—2014年龙羊峡水库旱限水位及梯级水库群年内蓄泄过程,结果表明:通过龙羊峡水库旱限水位控制实现跨年度补水,控制各年度缺水率在4.9%~5.7%之间,通过水库群出库过程优化控制不同区域各时段缺水均匀分布,将农业缺水率控制在7.0%~11.0%之间,显著减轻了旱灾损失。
The scientific operation of cascade reservoirs is an important means of mitigating losses from drought.In this study,a multi-spatial-temporal scale synergetic optimal operation model of cascade reservoirs is established with the goal of decreasing the severity of water shortages in the basin and optimize the spatial and temporal distribution of those shortages.An interactive and improved nested particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was used to produce the model.In the outer layer,the optimal control of drought limit water level for multi-year regulating storage reservoir was realized,and in the inner layer the water storage and discharge processes of cascade reservoirs were optimized to realize the inter-annual regulation,intra-annual optimization,synergy among cascade reservoirs,and spatial coordination.The model developed in this study was applied to the cascade reservoirs in the main stream of the Yellow River during 2012—2014 to optimize drought limit water levels of the Longyangxia Reservoir and water discharge processes of cascade reservoirs to cope with the serious drought in 2014.The results show that inter-annual water supply is realized through the use of the drought limit water level in the Longyangxia Reservoir,which kept the water shortage ratios of each year between 4.9%and 5.7%.The system also kept water shortages evenly distributed across different regions at different times by optimizing the water discharge processes of cascade reservoirs.The agricultural water shortage ratios were kept between 7.0%and 11.0%,mitigating drought loss significantly.
作者
彭少明
王煜
尚文绣
郑小康
李克飞
PENG Shaoming;WANG Yu;SHANG Wenxiu;ZHENG Xiaokang;LI Kefei(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;School of Water Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou Univerisity,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
出处
《水科学进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期172-183,共12页
Advances in Water Science
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0404406)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879240)。
关键词
干旱
应对
梯级水库群
优化
改进粒子群算法
黄河流域
drought
coping mechanisms
cascade reservoirs
optimization
improved particle swarm optimization
Yellow River basin