熊蜂饲料糖水中微生物数量研究

Study on microbe quantity in bumblebee sugar diet

为了优化熊蜂养殖过程中饲料糖水的制备,提高饲养技术水平,试验检测了不同糖浓度和冷藏时间以及熊蜂取食和自然放置两个处理的糖水中微生物的数量,统计其随时间变化的情况,并通过多因素方差分析预测最优饲料糖水制备及保质方案。结果表明:加热煮沸后灌装冷藏的糖水中检出细菌,其中大肠菌群每100 g<30 MPN(most probable number),未检出霉菌和酵母菌;糖浓度、冷藏时间及两者的交互作用均显著影响糖水中的菌落总数(P<0.01);55%的糖水中菌落最少,与60%的糖水差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于其他3个浓度(P<0.05)。糖水在4℃保存96 h,菌落总数呈下降趋势,而后增长;60%糖溶液冷藏96 h菌落总数最低,但与55%糖水冷藏48 h及60%糖水冷藏72 h差异不显著(P>0.05);熊蜂取食后糖水中的菌落总数显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,霉菌和酵母菌数量极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组,且增长速度更快。说明加热煮沸冷藏对熊蜂饲料糖水有保鲜作用,60%糖水4℃保存96 h为最佳方案,但熊蜂取食可加快糖水变质速度,饲养中要根据糖浓度选择合适的冷藏及更新时间。

In order to optimize the preparation of sugar diet in bumblebee breeding and to improve the feeding technology,the microbe quantity in sugar diet was measured at different sugar concentrations and cold storage time,as well as two treatments with sugar diet taken by the bumblebees and naturally placed,and the changes were recorded over time,and multi-way anova method was used to predict the preparation and quality preservation of optimal sugar diet.The results showed that bacteria were detected in the bottled and chilled sugar diet after boiling,including the coliform being<30 MPN per 100 g,and no mold and yeast detected.Sugar concentration,cold storage time and their interaction all significantly(P<0.01)affected the total bacterial colony numbers in sugar diet.The colonies in 55%of sugar water were the least and,had no significant difference(P>0.05)with those in 60%of sugar water,but were significantly lower(P<0.05)than those in the other three concentrations.Total bacterial counts in sugar diet stored at 4℃for 96 h showed a decreased and then increased trend.The colonies in 60%of sugar water chilled for 96 h were the least and,had no significant difference(P>0.05)with those in 55%of sugar water chilled for 48 h or in 60%of sugar water chilled for 72 h.Compared with control group,total counts in sugar diet taken by bumblebees were significantly higher(P<0.05)on bacteria and very significantly higher(P<0.01)on mold and yeast,and those microbes grew faster.These results suggested that heating,boiling and refrigera ting can preserve bumblebee sugar diet,and 60%of sugar water at 4℃was the best plan,but bumblebee foraging can speed up the deterioration of sugar water.It should be considered for choosing appropriate refrigerating and updating time according to sugar concentration.