扎根理论研究需要如何读文献?——兼论扎根理论不同版本的界定之争

How Should Literature be Used in Grounded Theory Approach?--Concerning the Debate Among Different Versions of Grounded Theory

研究之前需不需要阅读相关文献,是扎根理论研究路径中具有争议的一个议题——这关涉扎根理论的基本特征。本文从文献类型、阅读时间和文献作用三个维度梳理了扎根理论经典文献对以上问题的讨论,指出其分歧焦点所在及其演化。为了解释分歧,本文又从哲学根源上讨论了自然浮现论、互动浮现论和参与建构论三种版本扎根理论的界定之争。基于本土情境反思,本文提出,采用扎根理论研究路径可以采取灵活多变、研究优先、注重对话的文献阅读策略,以免陷入学术文牍主义或天真现实主义之樊篇。

Whether literature should be read before a research project starts is a muchdebated issue in grounded theoiy approach,because it concerns the basic tenants of grounded theory.This paper examines this issue in three aspects:types of literature,time for reading literature,and the function of literature,in order to point out different opinions about this issue and their evolutions in different versions of grounded theory.To interpret these different opinions,the paper also discusses the debate among three versions of grounded theory:natural emergence,interactive emergence and participatory construction,from their philosophical origins.Based on our reflection of the Chinese context,we propose,in the end,more flexible,practical and dialogical strategies in reading literature,so as to avoid academic red tape and naive realism.