锂离子电池纳米硅碳负极材料研究进展

Research progress on nano silicon-carbon anode materials for lithium ion battery

高能量密度锂离子二次电池对于缓解能源和环境危机具有重要意义。硅基材料理论比容量远超石墨,是目前公认的下一代锂离子电池负极材料。中国科学院物理研究所自1999年在国际上首次报道纳米化对于硅负极性能提升的重要作用以来,持续对纳米硅基材料的基础科学问题以及产业化应用进行了大量探索,主要包括纳米硅基负极材料的脱嵌锂机理、结构及形貌的动态演变过程、应力积累与裂纹的产生和SEI的三维可视化研究等内容。本文将对这些工作的一些基础研究进行总结,并对今后负极材料的发展提出自己的见解。

High-energy-density lithium-ion batteries are of great importance in alleviating the energy and environmental crisis. The theoretical specific capacity of silicon-based materials is much higher than that of graphite, which is now recognized as the next generation of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Since 1999, when the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences first reported the important role of nanotechnology in improving the performance of silicon negative electrode, it has continued to explore many basic scientific issues and industrial applications of nano silicon-based materials by mainly focusing on the electrochemical mechanism of nano silicon-based negative electrode materials, the dynamic evolution process of their structure and morphology, generation of stress accumulation and cracks, and the three-dimensional feasibility of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)visual research. In this paper, some of these works are summarized and some opinions on the future development of anode materials are present.