豫北地区农村环境空气质量监测与评价

Monitoring and evaluation of rural environmental air quality in North He′nan Province

为了解豫北地区农村环境空气质量状况,选取豫北地区6个省辖市5种类型的54个村庄,对其2015~2018年间共1440 d的环境空气质量进行监测,并对主要污染因子(SO2,NO2和PM10)的监测数据进行分析.结果表明:豫北地区农村环境空气质量达标天数为1156 d,达标率为80.3%,主要超标污染因子为PM10和NO2;空气中SO2和NO2的质量浓度较低,PM10的质量浓度虽相对较高,但总体呈下降趋势;5种类型村庄环境空气质量不达标率由大到小依次为工业型>生态型>旅游型>种植型>养殖型;空气污染最严重的是第1季度,超标的污染因子主要是PM10;空气质量较好的是濮阳市,其次是鹤壁市和新乡市,较差的是焦作市、济源市、安阳市.可采取适当增加地区监测点位、对主要污染因子PM10进行源解析研究、积极发展在线监测等多种手段减轻该地区农村环境空气污染防治压力.

In order to understand the rural environment air quality of North He′nan Province,54 villages of 5 types in 6 provinces and municipalities in North He′nan Province were selected to monitor the environment air quality for a total of 1,440 days from 2015 to 2018.The monitoring data of main pollution factors SO2,NO2 and PM10 was analyzed.The results showed that the number of days for the rural environment air quality to reach the standard in northern He′nan province was 1156 days,the rate of compliance was 80.3%,and the main factors that exceeded the standard were PM10 and NO2.The mass concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in rural environment air were low;although the mass concentration of PM10 was relatively high,it generally showed a downward trend;the non-compliance rate of the environment air quality of the 5 types of villages in order from large to small was:industrial type>ecological type>tourism type>planting type>breeding type;the worst air pollution was in the first quarter,exceeding the standard,the main pollution factor was PM10;the better air quality was that of Puyang city,followed by Hebi city and Xinxiang city,and the worse were that of Jiaozuo city,Jiyuan city and Anyang city.Various means can be taken to reduce the pressure on the prevention and control of environmental air pollution in rural areas by appropriately increasing regional monitoring points,conducting source analysis research on major factor PM10 and actively developing online monitoring.