云南林业气象灾害及气象服务需求研究

Investigation of Forestry Meteorological Disasters and Meteorological Service Demands in Yunnan Province

通过对32名云南省林业专家及17个典型林业灾害隐患点进行调查,对云南省林业气象灾害隐患点、林业气象服务需求进行分析。结果表明,云南省林业气象灾害类型主要为火灾,其次为病虫害、雪害、干旱、风灾、雹害和雨凇;隐患点主要分布在昆明、楚雄、昭通、文山、迪庆、丽江、怒江和普洱等地区,隐患点海拔差别较大;对云南林业生产影响最大的气象灾害主要为干旱和低温(雨雪)冰冻,其次是大风和冰雹。林业部门对气象服务的需求依次为森林火险气象条件预警预报、森林干旱监测预报、林业病虫害顸报和森林火点监测等,调查对象认为获取林业气象信息最为有效的途径是预警系统,其次是手机短信和电子邮件,最少的是电话和传真;不同的林地抗灾能力也不同,天然林的抗灾能力要高于人工纯林及树种单一或相对集中的林地。

The 17 typical forestry meteorological disaster potential spots were investigated by 32 forestry experts and the demands of forestry meteorological services were analyzed in Yunnan.The results showed that the meteorological disasters in Yunnan were mainly fire,followed by diseases and insects,snow,drought,gale,hail and glaze weather,the potential spots were mainly distributed in Kunming,Chuxiong,Zhaotong,Wenshan,Diqing,Lijiang,Nujiang and Pu′er,which were quite different in the altitude distribution,and the meteorological disasters which had the greatest influence on forestry production in Yunnan were mainly drought and low temperature(rain and snow)freezing,followed by gale and hail.The demands of forestry departments for meteorological services were early forecast of forest fire meteorological condition,monitoring and forecast of forest drought,report of forest diseases and insects and monitoring of forest fire spots.The most effective way to obtain forest meteorological information was considered to early warning system,followed by short message and email,and the least were telephone and fax.The disaster resistances of forest lands were different,and the disaster resistance of natural forest was better than that of pure plantation and forest land with single or relatively concentrated species.