勐海古茶树死亡原因及管养措施研究

Cause of Death and Management Measures of Ancient Tea Plant in Menghai County

勐海县种茶、制茶、用茶历史悠久,古茶树资源丰富,但近年来随着古茶树茶叶价格不断攀升,古茶树死亡和树势衰退现象变得多发。笔者认为造成勐海县古茶树的死亡原因主要有古茶树生境遭受破坏,管理不规范,私下流转现象严重、造成林权管理和服务不到位,没有规范操作规程、导致采摘过度,茶园土壤营养缺乏等;提出修复古茶树生境,加强古茶树科学研究,细化古茶园管养技术措施、制定管理规程,运用测土配方施肥技术、改善土壤养分结构,加大水肥管理和病虫害防控知识宣传力度等实现古茶树资源可持续经营的对策。

The history of tea planting,tea making and tea using was long in Menghai County where the ancient tea plant resources were rich,but in recent years,with the increasing price of ancient tea-leaves,the death and decline of ancient tea plant was frequent.This paper showed that the main causes of the death of ancient tea plants in Menghai were the destruction of habitat,the nonstandard management,the serious phenomenon of private circulation,the inadequate management and service of forest right,the disordered operation rules,the over picking,and the lack of soil nutrition in tea garden.The measures were put forward to realize the sustainable management of ancient tea resources,including restoring the habitat,strengthening the scientific research,formulating and refining the management and maintenance measures and regulations of ancient tea garden,applying the technology of soil testing and formula fertilization,improving the structure of soil nutrients,increasing the publicity of water and fertilizer management and pest control knowledge.