超导材料在磁悬浮列车上的应用进展(上)

Progress in the Application of Superconducting Materials on Maglev Trains(Part 1 of 2)

随着超导体临界转变温度的不断提高,超导材料和超导技术已被广泛应用在强电、弱电等领域。其中,非理想第Ⅱ类超导体所独有的磁通钉扎特性使其在磁悬浮领域大展身手。简要介绍超导单质、超导合金和超导铜氧化合物等的发展概况。阐述电磁悬浮、电动悬浮、高温超导磁悬浮等3种主流磁悬浮列车发展历史和现状。着重论述两代高温超导线(带)材、高温超导块材在超导磁悬浮列车上的应用形式和特点。讨论真空管道-磁悬浮列车在未来应用的可行性,展望磁悬浮列车在我国轨道交通事业中的发展前景。

With the increasing of the critical transition temperature of superconductors,superconducting materials and technology have been widely used in the fields of strong and weak electricity.Among them,the unique flux pin ningfeatures of non-ideal class 2 superconductors make them play a great role in the field of maglev.The develop ment of superconducting elements,alloys and Cu-O compounds is briefly introduced.The development history and present situation of three main maglev train,including electromagnetic levitation,electric levitation and high tempera ture superconductor maglev,are described.The application forms and characteristics of two generations of high tem perature superconducting wire(strip)material and high temperature superconducting block material in superconduct ing maglev train are emphatically discussed.The feasibility of the future application of vacuum pipe-maglev train is discussed.