《西清砚谱》宋代文人砚纹样艺术风格探究

Artistic Style of Literati Inkstone Patterns of the Song Dynasty in Xiqingyanpu

砚台的艺术风格可分为时代风格、地域风格与治砚艺术家的个人风格。由于宋代地域性的治砚艺术家群体并未产生,故宋砚的地域性风格并不明显。砚台艺术风格的形成与两大因素有关,一为在砚台的发展过程中所处的社会历史客观因素,二为治砚艺术家的主观因素。治砚艺术家的主观因素又包含艺术家的审美趣味、生活经验、文化修养、艺术修养、才能与个性,宋代文人砚的产生,标志着文人成为治砚艺术家的主体,于是文人的审美趣味、文化修养、艺术修养便成了影响文人砚艺术风格特征的重要因素。文章通过探析宋代文人砚中的三教纹饰、仿生砚形制、仿生纹饰与文人情趣题材纹饰、砚铭,结合宋代文人砚发展的社会历史背景,发掘其背后艺术风格转变的原因及文人砚所蕴含的人文精神。

The artistic style of inkstone can be divided into period style,regional style and personal style of inkstone-making artists.Since the regional group of inkstone-making artists in the Song Dynasty did not emerge,the regional style of inkstone in the Song Dynasty was not obvious.The formation of the inkstone’s art style is related to two major factors:one is the objective social and historical factors in the development of inkstone,and the other is the subjective factors of the inkstone-making artists.The subjective factors of inkstone-making artists include the artist's aesthetic taste,life experience,cultural accomplishments,artistic accomplishments,talents and individuality.The emergence of literati inkstone in the Song Dynasty indicates that the literati become the subject of inkstone-making artists;therefore,their aesthetic taste,cultural accomplishments and artistic accomplishments have become important factors affecting the characteristics of literati inkstone’s artistic style.The work aims to discover the reasons behind the change in artistic style and the implications of humanistic spirit of literati inkstone in the Song Dynasty,by analyzing the three religions’patterns,bionic inkstone shape,bionic patterns and literati appetizing motifs and inscriptions of literati inkstone in the Song Dynasty,and combined with the social and historical background of its development.