2012~2018年北京市海淀医院HIV抗体检测结果分析及防控策略

An Analysis of HIV Antibody Test Results and Prevention and Control Strategies in Beijing Haidian Hospital from 2012 to 2018

目的通过对北京市海淀医院2012~2018年HIV抗体检测初筛与确认结果数据的分析,了解人类免疫缺陷病毒感染人群的流行病学特点,初筛与确认结果的相关性,为预防及干预其感染制定防治政策提供参考依据。方法以2012~2018年的246458例样本为研究对象,用化学发光法和ELISA法初筛,初筛阳性的样本送确证实验室免疫印迹法(WB)确认。回顾分析阳性患者一般资料,对检测结果进行描述流行病学分析。结果2012~2018年共完成HIV抗体检测246458例,初筛553例阳性标本,阳性率0.22%,确证阳性337例,阳性率0.14%;阴性121例,不确定95例;确证阳性患者年龄在16~76岁之间,其中男性318例,女性19例,男性构成比94.36%,明显高于女性5.64%,年龄分布21~30岁为高危人群,占59.05%,病例分布以皮肤科门诊患者居多,占69.44%。结论艾滋病总体呈散发、低流行,以21~30岁的男性为高危人群,应加强预防和控制措施,建立健全服务体系,加强高危人群的筛查,进行相关知识的宣传,尤其是高校大学生的教育,有效地遏制艾滋病的蔓延。同时提高检测技术以降低HIV抗体检测的假阳性率,对预防和控制其感染具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients and the correlation between the preliminary screening results and confirmed results by analyzing the data of HIV antibody detection and confirmation results from 2012 to 2018 in Beijing Haidianhospital,so to provide a reference for the policy-making of the prevention and intervention of HIV infection.Methods A total of 246458 patient samples from 2012 to 2018 were selected as the study objects.The samples with positive results were screened by chemiluminescence and ELISA,and confirmed by laboratory western blot(WB).The general data of positive patients were analyzed retrospectively and the test results were statistically analyzed.Results From 2012 to 2018,a total of 246458 HIV antibody tests were completed,and 553 positive samples were screened with a positive rate of 0.22%.The confirmed positive rate was 0.14%based on 337 cases.There were also 121 negative cases and 95 uncertain cases.The age range of the confirmed positive patients was between 16 to 76 years old,among which 318 were males and 19 were females.The proportion of males was 94.36%,which was significantly higher than that of females,which was 5.64%.Clinical records were mostly distributed in dermatology outpatients,accounting for 69.44%.Conclusion HIVvirus isgenerally distributed with a low epidemic,with men aged 21-30 as the high-risk group.The prevention and control measures should be strengthened and a sound service system should be established.The screening of high-risk populationsshould be strengthened and related knowledge should bepublicized,especially the education among college students,so to effectively curb the spread of AIDS.At the same time,improving detection technology to reduce the false positive rate of HIVantibody detection is of great significance for preventing and controlling HIV infection.