井下回采工作面呼吸性粉尘危害现状及防治对策

Current situation and control countermeasures of respirable dust hazard in underground working face

为了掌握我国井工煤矿粉尘危害程度及防降尘技术的应用情况,对全国13个省市98家井工煤矿回采工作面呼吸性粉尘通过定点短时间采样法进行采集,分析了呼吸性粉尘样品928例,对其中29家井工煤矿回采工作面粉尘防治技术应用情况进行了调研。经过分析、统计后发现:458例样品检测结果超过5 mg/m3,超标率为49.35%;29个煤矿中进行煤层注水的有17个,占总数的58.6%;实现采煤机组内外高压喷雾的有7个,占总数的26.9%;采用降柱、移架自动喷雾的有14个,占总数的63.6%;采用放煤自动喷雾的有9个,占总数的64.3%;采用自动净化水幕的有12个,占总数的41.4%;采用转载点自动喷雾的有3个,占总数的10.3%。结果表明:井工煤矿呼吸性粉尘危害严重,综合防降尘技术措施未得到广泛应用,在防降尘技术措施方面仍需进行深入研究。

In order to grasp the hazard degree of coal mine dust and the application of dust control technology,928 samples of respirable dust were collected and analyzed from 98 coal mining faces of 13 provinces or cities in China by fixed-point short-time sampling method,and the application of dust control technology in 29 coal mines was investigated.After analysis and statistics,it was found that the test results of 458 samples exceeded 5 mg/m3,and the over-standard rate was 49.35%;among 29 coal mines,17 had carried out coal seam water injection,accounting for 58.6%of the total;7 coal mines had realized the high-pressure spray inside and outside coal mining units,accounting for 26.9%of the total;14 coal mines had adopted automatic spray using drop column and frame,accounting for 63.6%of the total;9 coal mines had achieved the automatic coal spray during coal caving,accounting for 64.3%of the total;12 coal mines had used the automatic water curtain,accounting for 41.4%of the total;had used the automatic spray on transshipment point,accounting for 10.3%of the total.The results showed that respirable dust was a serious hazard in coal mine,the comprehensive dust control technical measures had not been widely used in coal mines and needed to be studied in depth.