六年级学生童年期遭受虐待经历与创伤后应激障碍状况的关联性研究

The Association between Childhood Abuse Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Sixth Graders

目的了解童年期遭受虐待的六年级学生创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的现状,并进一步探讨童年期遭受虐待与PTSD的关系,为青少年心理健康发展提供科学的指导意见。方法采用随机分层抽样方法,抽取哈尔滨市某个区的四所学校的991名在校六年级学生进行童年期遭受虐待经历与PTSD的问卷调查。结果本次调查的虐待、情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视的发生率分别为48.05%、3.80%、5.53%、7.48%、16.27%、37.96%。除情感虐待维度外,男生的遭受虐待总分及其他维度的得分均高于女生(P<0.05)。PTSD阳性检出率为7.48%。PTSD平均得分及各维度得分在不同的人口学特征(性别、户籍、是否为独生子女)上的比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。童年期遭受过虐待的学生的PTSD平均得分及各维度得分均高于未遭受过虐待的(P<0.05)。相关分析显示PTSD平均得分及各维度得分与遭受虐待总分及各维度得分均呈正相关关系(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示情感虐待(OR=1.303,P<0.001)、躯体忽视(OR=1.120,P<0.05)是PTSD的危险因素。结论哈尔滨市在校六年学生的童年期遭受虐待与PTSD状况不容忽视。男生虐待得分高于女生。遭受虐待的群体PTSD得分高于未遭受虐待的群体,同时虐待得分与PTSD呈正相关关系,情感虐待、躯体忽视是PTSD的危险因素。预防童年期遭受虐待对于提高青少年身心健康至关重要。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in Grade 6 students who have suffered from childhood abuse and explore the association between PTSD and childhood abuse in the participants.Methods A randomized stratified sampling method was employed to select 991 Grade 6 students from 4 schools in a district of Harbin and asked them to complete the questionnaires about childhood abuse and PTSD.Results The prevalence rate of abuse,emotional abuse,physical abuse,sexual abuse,emotional neglect,and physical neglect in the participants were 48.05%,3.80%,5.53%,7.48%,16.27%,and 37.96%,respectively.In addition to emotional abuse,the scores of abuse and other dimensions were higher in boys compared to girls(P<0.05).The average prevalence of PTSD in all the participants was 7.48%.The demographic characteristics of the participants(gender,place of domicile,single-child family)have no effects on PTSD score and that in each dimension(P>0.05).The PTSD scores and those in each dimension were higher in students with childhood abuse experience(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the average PTSD score and that in all dimension were positively correlated with the total scores of abuse and that in all dimensions(P<0.05);Logistic regression analysis indicated that emotional abuse(OR=1.303,P<0.001)and physical neglect(OR=1.120,P<0.05)were risk factors for PTSD.Conclusions The scores of abuse in boys were higher than that in girls.The PTSD scores in child abuse victims were higher than those having no child abuse experience.The score of abuse was positively correlated with PTSD,and emotional abuse and physical neglect are risk factors for PTSD.