2016——2018 年宜兴市动物致伤人员的特征分析

Characteristics Analysis on Animal Bites in Yixing during 2016—2018

目的分析疾病预防控制中心狂犬病暴露处置门诊接诊的被动物致伤患者的流行病学特征,为预防并控制狂犬病的发生提供科学依据。方法收集宜兴市疾病预防控制中心狂犬病暴露处置门诊2016年1月1日—2018年12月31日年期间就诊的25758例被动物致伤登记者的资料,进行描述性统计分析。结果伤人动物构成比分别为犬(67.91%)、猫(19.34%)、鼠类(3.81%)及其他动物等(8.94%)。致伤部位前三位分别为上肢(51.59%)、下肢(31.32%)和躯干(14.33%)。2016至2018年期间发生于6—8月份病例数最多(占致伤总数的33.11%)。25758例接种者中,男、女性分别为11794(45.79%)例、13964(54.21%)例,性别比为0.84∶1。高危年龄段分别为0~9,20~29,40~49岁三个年龄组。3217例致伤者伤口未经冲洗(咬伤超过24小时,伤口已经结痂或者无处理必要)(12.49%),22541例伤口冲洗者中(87.51%),冲洗地点分别为家、狂犬病门诊、医院等,其中以在家中冲洗最多,为12095(46.96%)次。3级暴露人数占总数的37.62%,数量达到9690例,2016、2017、2018年疾控狂犬病门诊接受处置的病人免疫球蛋白接种率分别为41.31%、48.48%、50.01%。动物致伤后能在24小时内前往狂犬病暴露处置门诊就诊的人数占总数的82.48%,7天及以上就诊者占总数的13.30%。结论建议相关行政管理部门必须大力加强对犬、猫等动物的管理及狂犬病防治的宣传教育力度。

Objective Summarizing the epidemiological characteristics of animal bites in people admitted to the rabies exposure and disposal clinic of the CDC(Center for Disease Control and Prevention)so as to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of rabies.Methods The data of 25758 registered cases of animal bites admitted to the rabies exposure and disposal clinic of Yixing CDC during 2016—2018 were collected for statistical analysis.Results The animal culprits include dogs(67.91%),cats(19.34%),rodents(3.81%)and other animals(8.94%).The first three injuries were upper limb(51.59%),lower limb(31.32%)and trunk(14.33%).33.11%of bites occurred in June-August during 2016—2018.Of all registered injured,25758 had been vaccinated,with 11794(45.79%)males,and 13964(54.21%)females.The high risk groups were 0-9,20-29,and 40-49,respectively.Of all injured,9690 were class III exposure,accounting for 37.62%.The vaccination rate of rabies immunoglobulin in 2016,2017,and 2018 was 41.31%,48.48%,and 50.01%,respectively.82.48%of the injured went to the rabies exposure and disposal clinic within 24 hours after injury,while 13.30%of injured visited the clinic 7 days later.Conclusions More efforts need to be paid to effectively manage dogs,cats and other animals,vaccinate the animals,and improve the propaganda and education about the prevention and treatment of rabies.