不同开花时期陆地棉铃部干物质积累规律

Dry Matter Accumulating Patterns of Upland Cotton Bolls in Different Flower Periods

为探讨南疆棉区陆地棉棉铃发育过程中各组分干物质累积变化规律,对19个陆地棉材料分别测定第5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50、60天棉铃各组分干质量。结果表明:棉铃的种子、纤维、铃壳干物质质量均可用Logistic方程拟合。棉铃各组分的干物质积累快慢不同,铃壳的干物质积累比较快,花后20 d左右即可达到最大值;花后20 d左右棉纤维和种子进行内容物充实,棉纤维干物质的累积速度要快于棉籽干物质的累积速度,棉籽和棉纤维干物质积累都要延续到开花50 d后才能达累积的最大值。伏前桃的干物质累积速度最快;伏桃进入和结束快增期的时间晚,历期长,但累积速度慢于伏前桃;秋桃的各组分的干物质累积速度最慢,种子、纤维累积量最低。棉籽干物质的累积速度大于纤维的累积速度,铃壳干质量最高。同化物质的分配在棉铃发育过程中是一个动态平衡的过程,棉铃发育后期纤维、铃壳中的同化物质有再分配利用的趋势。

The accumulation and variation of dry matter in different upland cotton boll components during different flowering stages were investigated in cotton region of Southern Xinjiang.The dry weight of different boll components were measured at 5,10,15,20,25,30,40,50 and 60 days after flowering in 19 upland cotton materials.The results showed that the dry matter weight of cotton seeds,fiber and boll shell could be fitted by logistic equation.The dry matter accumulation rate of each component of cotton boll was different,the dry matter accumulation of boll shell was relatively fast,it could reach the maximum value about 20 days after anthesis.Cotton fiber and seeds were enriched about 20 days after anthesis,the dry matter accumulation rate of cotton fiber was faster than that of cotton seeds,the dry matter accumulation of cotton seeds and fiber could reach the maximum value only 50 days after anthesis.The accumulative ratio of pre-summer boll was the fastest,it accumulated fast and last long for the summer boll in the growth period of begining and ending,,but the accumulative ratio was slower than pre-summer boll.The accumulative ratio of each component of autumn boll was the slowest for dry matter,the accumulative amount of seed and fiber was the lowest,the accumulative dry matter ratio of cotton seeds was greater than that of fiber,and the dry weight of boll shell was the highest.Distribution of assimilated substances was a dynamic equilibrium process during the development of cotton bolls,A tendency of redistribution and utilization of assimilated substances was shown in fiber and boll shells at the later development stage of cotton bolls.