基于MQI评估系统的大班数学集体活动质量分析及其启示

Quality Analysis of 5~6-year-old Children’s Mathematics Group Activities: Based on the MQI Evaluation System

数学是学前儿童学习和入学准备的重要领域,也是学前教育质量监测的重要方面。MQI评估系统作为一种评估数学课堂教学质量的框架,体现了最新数学教育观念,突出了数学的学科特性和认知要求,强调儿童的主动参与和生成性的教学过程,可同时对教师的教和儿童的学进行评估。本研究使用MQI评估系统对我国幼儿园大班数学集体活动的质量进行考察,结果表明除数学意义建构和数学语言之外,数学丰富度领域各维度表现水平不高;教师对儿童行为进行处理和反馈的水平较低;大多数活动片段中不存在数学表达和语言上的错误及不严密性问题;儿童参与有意义的解释或者提问和推理较少,参与活动的认知要求不高。幼儿园大班数学集体活动质量受到集体教学中"教"与"学"的关系、教师对数学领域知识和儿童数学发展目标的认知、教师评价儿童数学思维的能力及师幼互动技巧、教师培训与考核的侧重点等因素的影响。我国学前教育界应重视数学教育活动的过程性质量,关注儿童数学学习过程性能力的发展,并应在借鉴MQI评估系统的基础上开发适合我国幼儿园数学教育实践的质量评估系统。

Mathematics is not only an important area for preschool children to learn and get ready for the school,but also an important aspect for the national monitoring of the quality of preschool education in some countries. As a framework for observing the quality of mathematics classroom teaching,MQI evaluation system embodies the recent concept of mathematics education,highlights the subject characteristics and cognitive requirements of mathematics. It emphasizes children’s active participation and generative teaching process,and can be used to evaluate teachers’ teaching and children’s meaningful learning at the same time. MQI was used to evaluate the quality of 5~6 year old children’s mathematics group activities in this study. The results indicated that the performance level of dimensions in the field of mathematical richness is not high except mathematical sense-making and mathematical language;the level of teachers’ working with children and mathematics is low;there are no errors and imprecisions in mathematical expression and language in most segments;few children ’s explanations or questioning and reasoning occurr,and the task cognitive requirements are not high. The paper also discussed the quality performance of each dimension of kindergarten’s mathematics group activity and the influence factors,and the limitation of using MQI to evaluate preschool mathematics activity. It is suggested to attach importance to the process quality of mathematics activity,emphasize the development of children’s mathematics process ability and develop a quality evaluation system suitable for the practice of kindergarten mathematics education in China referring to MQI evaluation system.