保水剂对小白菜生长的影响及节水保肥效果

Effect of Water Retaining Agent on Growth of Chinese Cabbage and Effect of Water Saving and Fertilizer Retention

以河北省保定市农资市场购买的"美浓速绿"小白菜为试材,使用聚丙烯酰胺类保水剂,通过对常规灌水施肥处理、常规施肥+70%灌水量处理与对应的增施保水剂处理进行比较,研究了保水剂对小白菜的生长、硝酸盐含量以及肥料利用率的影响,以及不同施肥及灌水条件下保水剂对小白菜生长的影响及节水保肥效果,以期为保水剂在农业的生产实践中的合理应用提供参考依据。结果表明:在常规灌水及70%灌水处理下,增施保水剂小白菜的根系长度分别增加20.57%和20.00%;增施保水剂还大幅度降低了小白菜中硝酸盐含量,降低幅度可达80%左右,显著地提升了小白菜品质;添加保水剂可以提高小白菜单株产量,施用保水剂处理单株小白菜鲜生物量提高了10.65%;土壤含水量提高了16.63%,减少土壤蒸发损失,提高了土壤的保水性能,但添加保水剂同时减少灌水量到常规灌水量的70%左右与常规灌水施肥不添加保水剂处理比较,小白菜的单株鲜产量及土壤含水量均有所降低;提高了土壤对硝态氮、铵态氮的固持能力,提高了土壤的保肥性能。植株施用保水剂后,农学效率、肥料利用率等均有明显的提高。说明保水剂可以促进植株根系生长,降低蔬菜中硝酸盐含量,提高生物量,增强土壤对养分的固持作用。但前提是保水剂在一定的灌水条件下才能够发挥保水保肥的作用。

Taking the Chinese cabbage ‘Mei nong sulyu’ bought by baoding agricultural capital market in Hebei Province as the test material,the polyacrylamide water-retaining agent was used to compare the conventional irrigation and fertilization treatment,the conventional fertilization+70% irrigation water treatment and the corresponding water retaining agent treatment.The effects of water retaining agent on growth,nitrate content and fertilizer utilization rate of Chinese cabbage were studied.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of water retention agent in agricultural production practice.The results showed that under conventional irrigation and 70% irrigation conditions,the root length of cabbages was increased by 20.57% and 20.00%,respectively.The addition of water retaining agent also significantly reduced the content of nitrate in Chinese cabbage by about 80%,which significantly improved the quality of Chinese cabbage.Adding water retaining agent can increase the yield of single plant of Chinese cabbage,and the fresh biomass of single plant of Chinese cabbage treated with water retaining agent increased by 10.65%.The soil moisture content increased by 16.63%,reducing the soil evaporation loss and improving the soil water retention performance.However,the addition of water retention agent also reduced the irrigation amount to about 70% of the conventional irrigation amount,compared with the conventional irrigation and fertilization without the addition of water retention agent,both the fresh yield per plant and the soil water content of Chinese cabbage decreased.The soil fixation capacity of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was improved,and the soil fertilizer retention performance was improved.Agricultural efficiency and fertilizer utilization rate were improved obviously after water retaining agent was applied to plants.The results showed that the water retaining agent could promote the growth of plant roots,reduce the content of nitrate in vegetables,increase the biomass,and enhance the fixation effect of soil on nutrients.But the premise is that water retention agent in a certain irrigation conditions could play the role of water retention and fertilizer.