中国及欧盟粮油食品真菌毒素限量及减控措施对比

Comparison of Mycotoxins Limit Standards and Control Measures of Grain and Oil Foods between China and European Union: A Review

粮油食品质量安全关系到国计民生。目前,真菌毒素已成为威胁粮油食品质量安全的主要风险。欧盟的限量标准以严格著称。近几年,我国农产品出口欧盟最大阻碍之一为真菌毒素超标。本文对中国和欧盟真菌毒素限量标准的真菌毒素种类、食品分类及限量进行梳理,发现欧盟有限量标准的真菌毒素种类多于我国,并且欧盟在制定限量的过程中,考虑的因素比较全面,包括了食品品类、加工工艺以及食用人群等,限量有严有松,在保障食品安全的同时,也充分考虑了生产企业等的利益,通过对这些差异的分析,本文为我国现有的粮油食品质量安全标准的制修订提供了建议。在真菌毒素防控措施方面,本文充分对比了相关标准的相同点及差异点,并提出了进一步提高中小型粮油企业自检等建议,为推动中欧标准体系协同提供参考。

The quality and safety of grain and oil foods are very important to the national economy and ’consumer health. Nowadays, mycotoxins have became a major threat to the quality and safety of grain and oil food. In recent years, one of the biggest obstacles to the export of Chinese agricultural products to the EU is the excessive amount of mycotoxins. In this paper, the types of mycotoxins, food classification and maximum levels of the mycotoxins limit standard in China and the European Union are compared. It found that the species of mycotoxins in EU is more than that in China. In addition, when the EU sets the limits, comprehensive factors were considered, including food categories, processing techniques and people who may eat them. While ensuring food safety, the interests of production enterprises are also considered. Through the analysis of these differences, a reference for setting the standards of quality and safety of grain and oil food in China was provided. For the control measures of mycotoxins, the similarities and differences between standards of China and EU were reviewed. It was helpful to further improve the self-inspection of small and medium-sized grain and oil enterprises, hoping to provide a reference for promoting the coordination of standards systems between China and EU.