北京市中心城土地利用变化及其对生境的影响(1992-2016)

Evolution and Effects of Land Use on Habitat of Central Beijing(1992-2016)

随着城市化进程的发展,北京市中心城建设用地不断扩张,大量城市边缘区绿色空间被侵占,对城市生态环境造成极大影响。以北京市中心城1992和2016年的遥感数据作为基础数据,对其用地转换以及空间分布变化进行分析,运用In VEST模型评估土地利用变化对中心城生境的影响,获取北京中心城生境质量和生境退化的空间分布格局。研究表明:1992-2016年北京市中心城绿色空间用地绝大多数转变为建设用地,除草地面积增加外,其他绿色空间用地均有所减少;中心城高度生境和中度生境面积均缩小,一般生境面积显著增加,到2016年轻度退化生境占总面积的80.5%。在"留白增绿"的政策背景下,生境评价的结果为北京中心城绿色空间规划及城市森林建设提供了重要的参考依据。

With the development of urbanization, the construction land of central Beijing is expanding constantly, and a large number of green spaces in the urban fringe have been encroached upon, which has a great impact on the urban ecological environment. Taking the land use in central Beijing from 1992 to 2016 as the research object, the paper used the data of remote sensing to study the green spatial distribution, used the land use conversion matrix to express the mutual change relation between different land types, analyzed the evolution of land use and the change of spatial distribution, and used the InVEST model to evaluate the impact of land use change on habitat, to get the spatial distribution pattern of habitat quality and habitat degradation in central Beijing. The research indicates that most of the green space land used in central Beijing was transferred to construction land from 1992 to 2016, except for the increase of grassland area, and the other green space land were reduced. The high habitat and moderate habitat area of central city were reduced, and the general habitat area increased significantly. By 2016, the mild degraded habitats accounted for 80.5% of the total area. The results of habitat assessment provide important reference for green space planning and urban forest construction in Beijing central city under the background of the policy of "leaving open space and increasing green".