美国城市公园评价体系的内容、应用及启示--以ParkScore指数为例

The ParkScore System in USA and Its Inspirations

中国快速城镇化的过程伴随着各类城市绿地公园的规划建设。对城市公园系统综合质量的科学评价关系着城市开放空间品质的提升、居民生活质量的提高和公共服务设施规划水平的进步。以Park Score指数为例,对美国城市公园综合评价系统的建设过程、评价标准和指标体系进行系统介绍和特征评述,总结分析其在城市规划实践和研究中的应用,提出我国应完善城市空间数据库建设、引入以人为本的评价指标和加强指标体系建立过程的有效性等建议措施,旨在为我国城市公园综合评价系统建设提供借鉴。

The rapid urbanization in China is accompanied by the large-scale construction of various urban green spaces. Therefore, the scientific assessment of the urban park systems is closely related to improving the quality of urban open space, the level of residents’ urban living, and the planning of public service facilities. Taking the ParkScore index as an example, this paper systematically introduces the formulation process, assessment standards and multiple indicators of the comprehensive evaluation system of urban parks in the USA. Besides, the study summarizes the practical applications and academic researches of the ParkScore index in urban planning and management. Through contrastive analysis, it is suggested that the urban spatial database and people-oriented evaluation indicators should be built and the validity of the assessment criteria should be emphasized in the future. Hence, this paper aims to provide some advice for the construction of an evaluation system for urban parks in China.