围产期母猪饲粮中平衡氨基酸模式对母仔猪生产性能、免疫功能及抗氧化功能的影响

Effects of dietary balance amino acid patterns for perinatal sows on performance,immune function and antioxidative function of sows and newborn piglets

为研究围产期母猪饲粮平衡氨基酸模式对母仔猪繁殖性能、免疫功能及抗氧化功能的影响,选取体重、背膘、预产期接近、第二胎的长×大二元母猪40头,随机分为试验和对照两个处理组,每个处理组20个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲粮按照NRC(2012)的标准进行设计,试验饲粮按照平衡氨基酸模式(赖氨酸:苏氨酸:缬氨酸:亮氨酸:精氨酸=100:72:71:95:110)进行设计,试验期为妊娠90日龄至分娩后第7天。结果表明:(1)采用平衡氨基酸模式对母猪繁殖性能以及产后7 d仔猪平均日增重均无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)采用平衡氨基酸模式有提高母猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量的趋势(P=0.06),但对母猪血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),且相比于对照组,采用平衡氨基酸模式处理组母猪血清IgG含量提高了35%;(3)采用平衡氨基酸模式对母猪初乳中IgG、IgA和IgM的含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);(4)采用平衡氨基酸模式有提高新生仔猪血清IgG含量的趋势(P=0.082),但对仔猪血清IgA和IgM的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),且相比于对照组,采用平衡氨基酸模式处理组新生仔猪血清IgG含量提高了53.2%;(5)采用平衡氨基酸模式能显著提高母猪血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性(P<0.05),降低丙二醛(MAD)含量(P<0.05),且有增加还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量(P=0.056)和降低氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量(P=0.076)的趋势,但对母猪血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)无显著影响(P>0.05),相对于对照组,采用平衡氨基酸模式处理组母猪血清T-SOD活性和GSH的含量分别提高了10.6%和33.3%,丙二醛和氧化型谷胱甘肽分别降低了28.3%和15.5%;(6)采用平衡氨基酸模式显著提高了仔猪血清T-SOD活性和GSH的含量(P<0.05),但对仔猪血清中CAT、T-AOC、GSH-Px的活性和MDA、GSSG的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),且相对于对照组,采用平衡氨基酸模式处理组仔猪血清T-SOD活性和GSH的含量分别提高了17.5%和48.3%。由此可见,围产期母猪饲粮中采用平衡氨基酸模式对母猪的繁殖性能和免疫功能无显著影响,但在一定程度上能提高母仔猪的抗氧化功能。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary balance amino acid patterns for perinatal sows on reproduction performance,immune function and antioxidative function of sows and newborn piglets.Forty Yorkshire sows with similar weight,back-fat,parity and expected date of confinement were assigned into two groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 sow per replicate.Sows in the control group were fed the basal diet formulated by NRC(2012),and the others in the balance amino acid pattern group were fed the diet formulated to balance amino acid pattern(Lysine:Threonine:Valine:Leucine:Arginine=100:72:71:95:110).The experiment period was from 90 d of gestation to 7 d after farrowing.The results showed as follows:(1)Dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows had no significant effect on reproductive performance of sows and average daily gain(ADG)of piglets in 7 days after born(P>0.05);(2)Dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows showed a tend to increase immunoglobulin G(IgG)contents of sows serum(P=0.06),and had no significant effect on immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)contents of sows serum(P>0.05),and compared with control group,the level of serum IgG in sows treated with balanced amino acids increased by 35%;(3)Dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows had no significant effect on IgG,IgA and IgM contents of sows colostrum(P>0.05);(4)Dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows showed a tend to increase IgG contents in serum of newborn piglets(P=0.082),and had no significant effect on IgA and IgM contents of new-born piglets serum(P>0.05),and compared with control group,the IgG content in serum of newborn piglets in balance amino acid pattern group increased by 53.2%;(5)Dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows increased total superoxide(T-SOD)activity,decreased malonic dialdehyde(MDA)content in serum of sows(P<0.05),showed a tend to increase glutathione(GSH)content(P=0.056)and decrease oxidized glutathione(GSSG)content(P=0.076)in serum of sow,but did not influence on catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum of sows(P>0.05),and compared with control group,the T-SOD activity and GSH content of sows serum in balance amino acid pattern group increased 10.6%和33.3%,at the same time,the MDA content and GSSG content decreased 28.3%和15.5%;(6)Dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows increased T-SOD activity and GSH content in serum of new-born piglets(P<0.05),and had no effect on T-AOC,MDA,GSSG contents and CAT,GSH-Px activities in serum of new-born piglets(P>0.05),and compared with control group,the T-SOD activity and GSH content of new-bornpiglets serum in balance amino acid pattern group increased 17.5%and 48.3%.In conclusion,dietary balance amino acid pattern for perinatal sows did not significant influence on reproduction performance and immune function of sows and new-born piglets,but increased antioxidative function of sows and newborn piglets to a certain extent.