冷季补饲精料对放牧牦牛生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

Effect of supplementary concentrate on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of grazing yaks in cold season

为研究冷季补饲精料对放牧牦牛生长性能、表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响,试验选取健康麦洼牦牛132头,按年龄和体重相近的原则随机分为2组,即对照组和补饲组,每组66头牦牛,补饲组归牧后补饲精料(1 kg/d·头),对照组只放牧。试验期为60 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,补饲组牦牛的总增重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),掉膘降低41.42%,补饲组成年牦牛、犊牦牛的总增重和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),成年牦牛掉膘降低55.14%,犊牦牛掉膘降低57.31%;(2)补饲组牦牛粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高7.56%、9.86%、8.45%,补饲组成年牦牛、犊牦牛酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),犊牦牛提高10.52%,成年牦牛提高10.69%;(3)补饲组与对照组放牧牦牛血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和总蛋白、尿素、葡萄糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯及肌酸激酶含量无显著差异(P>0.05),补饲组成年牦牛血清中总蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),提高24.41%。由此可见,冷季补饲精料有助于提高放牧牦牛生长性能和对营养物质的消化率,有利于牦牛冷季保镖,且对犊牦牛的效果优于青年牦牛。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementary concentrate on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of grazing yaks in cold season.A total of 132 healthy Maiwa yaks were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the age and bodyweight,gazed yaks supplement concentrate(1 kg/d·head)was treatment group,and the control group was grazing only.The trail lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:(1)Compared with the control group,the body weight gain and average daily gain of the treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.05),reduced the fat loss 41.42%.Compared with the control group,the body weight gain and average daily gain of the calves and adult yaks in treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.05),adult yaks reduced the fat loss 55.14%and calves yaks reduced the fat loss 57.31%.(2)Compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the treatment group was significantly increased(P<0.05),which increased by 7.56%,9.86%and 8.45%respectively.Compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber of in the treatment group was significantly increased(P<0.05),calves increased 10.52%,and adult yaks increased 10.69%.(3)There was no significant difference in serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase activity,total protein,urea,glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride and creatine kinase compared with the control group(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum total protein of the adult yaks in treatment group was significantly increased(P<0.05),which increased by 24.41%.In conclusion that the growth performance and nutrients digestibility of grazing yaks could be improved by supplementary concentrate in time among cold season,and conducive to yak cold season bodyguards,and the effect on calves yaks was better than young yaks.