水产养殖中鱼类投喂策略研究综述

Research summary on fish feeding strategies in aquaculture

水产养殖中的饲料成本占养殖总成本的比例较大,有效的投喂策略是减少水产养殖生产成本的重要途径,投饲装备投喂过程中,既要满足鱼群生长的营养需求,也要避免过多投饲,从而降低对环境的污染。当前国内水产养殖投饲装备智能化水平较低,投饲策略主要依据人工经验定量投饲,每一次喂料的偏差累积影响整期渔获经济效益。因此,科学的投喂策略能有效减少养殖成本,提高养殖效益。重点介绍了基于人工经验及生物能流的鱼群生长摄食模型、基于机器视觉及机器声学感知鱼群摄食活动的技术手段和智能投喂控制系统的发展状况,并提出投喂策略的具体实现方法。本研究可为水产养殖投饲装备从自动化升级到智能化提供参考。

In aquaculture,feed cost occupies a large proportion of the total cost of aquaculture.Effective feeding strategies are an important way to reduce the cost of aquaculture production.During the feeding process of feeding equipment,both the growth and nutritional needs of the fish must be met,and excessive feeding should be avoided to reduce environmental pollution.At present,the intelligence level of domestic aquaculture feeding equipment is relatively low.The feeding strategy is mainly based on artificial experience and quantitative feeding.The deviation of each feeding cumulatively affects the economic benefits of the entire catch.Therefore,scientific feeding strategies can effectively reduce the cost of farming and improve the welfare of farming.This paper mainly introduces the fish growth and feeding model based on artificial experience and bioenergy flow,the technical methods of sensing fish feeding behavior based on machine vision and machine acoustics,and the development status of intelligent feeding control system,and proposes the specific implementation of feeding strategies to provide a reference for the upgrading of aquaculture feeding equipment from automatic to intelligent.