扎仓茶卡低品位固体硼矿矿物学与地球化学特征及可选性研究

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Floatability of Low-grade Solid Boron Ore in Chagcam Caka

西藏自治区扎仓茶卡盐湖是我国重要的超大型固体硼镁矿产地,经多年开采,高品位硼矿资源(B 2 O 3≥28%)已采掘殆尽,但矿区内仍堆有大量低品位矿石,这不仅是对环境的威胁,也是对资源的浪费。在采集样品的基础上,开展了基于X射线衍射与扫描电镜的矿物组成的鉴定和化学组分分析,为低品位矿石的综合利用提供理论依据。研究结果表明,扎仓茶卡盐湖低品位硼矿的矿物种类有库水硼镁石、柱硼镁石、石英、钠长石、微斜长石、方解石、白云母、文石、水菱镁矿、石膏和锰热臭石共11种,其中仅有库水硼镁石和柱硼镁石两种硼矿物,平均含量分别为21.14%与8.99%,且硼矿样品中B 2 O 3平均含量高达13.50%,有巨大的经济利用价值。考虑到扎仓茶卡有着丰富的卤水资源,且低品位硼矿主要为库水硼镁石,可利用卤水及矿物的密度差来进行重选,该库水硼镁石为易选型。这种方法不仅能实现矿区内低品位矿的回收利用,而且生产成本低廉、绿色环保,将进一步促进区域经济发展。

Chagcam Caka is an important production base of solid ascharite ore in China,after several years of mining,the rich ore(B 2 O 3≥28%)has almost been exhausted,remaining amount of low-grade ore in the mine.In this paper,by the sample collection,X-ray Diffraction,Scanning Electron Microscope and analysis of chemical compositions were conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of low-grade ore.The results show that there are 11 mineral species in the low-grade boron ore of Chagcam Caka,including Kurnakovite,Pinnoite,Quartz,Albite,Microcline,Calcite,Aragonite,Muscovite,Hydromagnesite,Gypsum and Manganpyrosmalite.Kurnakovite and Pinnoite are the only two boron minerals,with the average content of 21.14%and 8.99%,respectively.The low-grade ore shows an important economic value that the average content of B 2 O 3 is 13.50%.Considering Chagcam Caka has affluent bittern resource,and Kurnakovite is the main low-grade ore,the optimal method will be gravity concentration by using density difference between bittern and ore,and the Kurnakovite will be easily enriched.This method can not only recycle the low-grade ore,promoting local economy,but also is environmental-friendly and the cost will be low.