柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖区盐生植物吸盐效应及其耐盐性评价

The Assessment of Salt-absorption and Salt Tolerance of Halophytes in the Gaskule Salt Lake Area of Qaidam Basin

选取柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖区作为研究区,筛选出了9种优势盐生植物,开展了盐生植物生长区土体颗粒、容重、含水量等物理性质指标,以及土体中HCO 3^-、Cl^-、SO 4^2-、K^+、Na^+、Ca ^2+和Mg^ 2+7种易溶盐离子含量试验测试,分析了区内芦苇、海韭菜等9种盐生植物茎叶和根系部分HCO 3^-、Cl^-等7种易溶盐离子含量及其分布规律。在此基础上,探讨了区内9种盐生植物对易溶盐离子吸收作用及其差异性;采用盐生植物地上茎叶部分K+/Na+比值结果,定量评价了区内9种盐生植物耐盐性及变化规律。结果表明,区内9种盐生植物茎叶部分K+/Na+比值由大至小依次为:小花棘豆0.84、羊齿天门冬0.58、白刺0.55、盐地风毛菊0.52、海韭菜0.50、无脉苔草0.47、洽草0.41、芦苇0.39和赖草0.34。研究结果可为尕斯库勒盐湖区及其周边地区利用盐生植物改良土壤盐渍化提供理论支撑。

In this study,Gaskule salt area in the Qaidam Basin has been selected as the test site,where 9 predominant halophytoes have been taken as the tested species;and physical indices such as soil particle size distribution,soil weight,moisture content,etc.,as well as soluble ion contents such as HCO 3^-,Cl^-,SO 4^2-,K^+,Na^+,Ca ^2+and Mg 2+have been determined to explore the ion distribution characteristic in different parts of these species.Based on pre-mentioned results,ion absorption differential among these species have been investigated.Moreover,the ratios of K^+/Na+in leaves of plants have been introduced to assess the capacity of salt-tolerance among these plants;the results show that the ranking order of K^+/Na+ratios in these species from high to low is Oxytropis glabra DC.0.84,Asparagus filicinus Ham.0.58,Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.0.55,Saussurea salsa(Pall.)Spreng.0.52,Triglochin maritimum Linn.0.50,Carex enervis C.A.Mey.0.47,Koeleria cristata(L.)Pers.0.41,Phragmites australis Trin.0.39 and Leymus secalinus Tzvel.0.34.The results have a theoretical meaning in treating soil salinization in Gaskule salt lake and other adjacent areas using halophytoes.