蚯蚓粪肥对陕西烟区烤烟生长及品质的影响

Effect of Earthworm Cast on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco from Shaanxi Province

【目的】为了保持总施氮量不变的情况下找到蚯蚓粪和化肥配施的最佳比例。【方法】本研究采用蚯蚓粪肥和化肥配施进行田间试验,以不施肥处理作为对照,分析蚯蚓粪和化肥不同配比T1(纯化肥处理)、T2(化肥∶蚯蚓粪=7∶3处理)、T3(化肥∶蚯蚓粪=5∶5处理)、T4(化肥∶蚯蚓粪=3∶7处理)对烟草生长和品质的影响。【结果】与CK处理相比,施肥处理的农艺性状、根系和中部叶的生物量、根系活力、中部叶的养分含量、碳氮代谢关键酶活、叶绿素含量均有提高。配施蚯蚓粪后成熟期根系生物量和中部叶生物量增加,烟草根系活力升高,养分含量、碳氮代谢关键酶活、叶绿素含量提高;成熟期T2处理的根系生物量较T1、T3、T4处理分别增加了13.6%、23.5%、27.6%;成熟期T2、T3、T4处理的烟叶生物量较T1处理增加了12.5%、10.3%、4.9%;成熟期T3、T4根系活力较T1处理增加了14.2%、17.6%;成熟期配施蚯蚓粪的中部叶硝酸还原酶活性、中部叶淀粉酶活性以及中部叶蔗糖转化酶活性较T1处理分别增加了43.4%~79.6%、11.6%~71.0%、21.5%~37.4%;配施蚯蚓粪后烤烟的化学成分协调性和感官质量得到改善。中部叶的烟碱含量降低,糖碱比、氮碱比、两糖比、钾氯比、钾含量、总氮含量提高,上部叶的氯含量降低,钾含量和钾氯比升高;余味增加,杂气降低;产值、均价、上等烟比例和中上等烟比例均有增加,产量无显著变化。【结论】施肥可以增加烟草的根、叶生物量,提高中部叶养分含量及碳氮代谢关键酶活,增加烤烟的产值以及改善烟草的感官质量及评吸效果。配施蚯蚓粪可以进一步改善烟草的生长状况和产质量。其中以T2处理综合表现较好。

【Objective】The study aimed to find the best proportion of earthworm cast and chemical fertilizer under the condition of keeping the total nitrogen application unchanged.【Method】In this study,the field experiment was carried out with the earthworm cast in combination with chemical fertilizer.The effects of different ratios of earthworm cast and chemical fertilizer on tobacco growth and quality were analyzed with no fertilizer treatment as control,including T1(purified fertilizer treatment),T2(chemical fertilizer∶earthworm cast=7∶3 treat-ment),T3(chemical fertilizer∶earthworm cast=5∶5 treatment),T4(chemical fertilizer∶earthworm cast=3∶7 treatment).【Result】Compared with CK treatment,the agronomic traits,biomass of roots and middle leaves,root activity,nutrient contents of middle leaves,key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and chlorophyll of fertilizer treatments were all improved.The root biomass and middle leaf biomass of tobacco were increased at maturity stage after applying earthworm cast.Moreover,root activity,nutrient content,key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and chlorophyll content of tobacco increased;Root biomass of T2 treatment also increased by 13.6%,23.5%and 27.6%respectively compared with T1,T3 and T4 treatment at maturity stage;leaf biomass of T2,T3 and T4 treatment increased by 12.5%,10.3%and 4.9%compared with T1 treatment at maturity stage.Root activity of T3 and T4 increased by 14.2%and 17.6%in mature stage,nitrate reductase activity,amylase activity and invertase activity in middle leaf increased by 43. 4 % - 79. 6 % ,11. 6 % - 71. 0 % ,21. 5 % - 37. 4 % in mature stage,respectively, compared to T1 treatment,chemical composition and coordination as well as sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco improved after applying earthworm cast. The nicotine content of middle leaves was decreased. Total sugar to nicotine ratios,total nitrogen ratios,reducing sugar to total soluble sugarratios,potassium to chlorine ratios,potassium content and total nitrogen content were increased. While the chlorine content of upper leaves were decreased. The potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratios were also increased and the aftertaste increased. Fur- thermore,the impurities were decreased,the yield value per mu,the average price,the proportion of top-grade tobacco and the proportion of medium-topped tobacco were increased whereas the yield did not change significantly.【Conclusion】Fertilization can increase the biomass of root and leaf,improve the nutrient content of middle leaf,enhance the key enzyme activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism,improve the smoking effect of tobacco sensory quality,also increase the output value of flue-cured tobacco. The growth condition and yield-quality of to- bacco could be further improved by applying earthworm cast. The comprehensive performance of T2 treatment was better.