桂西南地区6个苹婆株系综合性状比较

Comparative Analysis of Comprehensive Traits of Six Sterculia nobilis Smith in the Southwest Region of Guangxi

【目的】比较桂西南地区苹婆株系的综合性状,为筛选优良苹婆株系和选育优良苹婆品种提供参考依据。【方法】观测桂西南地区6个优良苹婆株系(分别为NY2、LH2、SK14、SJ30、BJ32和BJ33)的开花结果习性、农艺性状、抗逆性及经济性状,并应用DTOPSIS法对其农艺性状及果实产量和品质等性状指标进行综合评价。【结果】不同苹婆株系间在开花结果习性、农艺性状、抗逆性及果实性状等方面存在一定差异。其中,单株产量较高的是SK14(14.86 kg)和BJ33(14.50 kg)株系,二者间无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但均极显著高于NY2、LH2、SJ30和BJ32株系(P<0.01,下同),而NY2、LH2、SJ30和BJ32株系间差异不显著;SK14的单果重最重(65.3 g),极显著大于NY2、LH2和BJ32株系,显著大于SK14和SJ30株系(P<0.05,下同);BJ32的出种率最高(58.6%),极显著高于NY2、SK14和SJ30株系,显著高于BJ33株系;SK14的单种重最轻(5.90 g),极显著小于其他5个株系(5个株系间差异不显著);NY2的蛀荚率最低(5.2%),极显著低于SK14株系,显著低于LH2、BJ32和BJ33株系;SK14的淀粉含量最高(65.899%),显著高于NY2、LH2、SJ30和BJ32株系;BJ32的可溶性糖含量最高(27.496%),极显著高于NY2、LH2和BJ33株系,显著高于SK14和SJ30株系;SJ30的可溶性蛋白含量最高(11.808 mg/gFW),极显著高于BJ33株系,与NY2、LH2、SK14和BJ32株系无显著差异。DTOPSIS法综合评价结果表明,BJ33株系的得分最高,C_i值为0.8336,综合性状最优。【结论】BJ33株系树势强,产量较高,果实饱满,种仁大,出种率高,品质风味佳,综合评价最优,可作为优良苹婆品种进一步开发利用;单项性状表现优异的SK14、BJ32和NY2株系适宜作为遗传资源用于品种改良研究。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to compare overall characteristics of Sterculia nobilis Smith strains plantation in southwest Guangxi and provide a reference basis for qualified S. nobilis Smith strains screening and species cultivation.【Method】Comprehensively compare and investigate the flowering and fruiting habits,agronomic traits,stress resistance,and economic traits of six excellent strains of S. nobilis Smith planted in southwest Guangxi(NY2,LH2,SK14,SJ30,BJ32,and BJ33),and evaluate other traits,including yield and fruit quality,of the six strains by DTOPSIS.【Result】There were some differences in flowering and fruit habits,agronomic traits,stress resistance and fruit traits among different lines. Among them,SK14(14.86 kg) and BJ33 strains(14.50 kg) showed the highest yield per plant,without significant difference(P>0.05,the same as below),which were significantly higher than the other four strains(P<0.05,the same as below).No significant differences were found in yield per plant among the four strains. The single fruit weight of SK14(65.3 g) was the heaviest,extremely significantly heavier than that of NY2,LH2 and BJ32 strains(P<0.01,the same as below),and significantly heavier than that of SK14 and SJ30 strains. BJ32 had the highest seed production rate(58.6 %),which was extremely significantly higher than NY2,SK14 and SJ30 strains,and significantly higher than BJ33 strain. The single seed weight of SK14 was only 5.90 g,which was extremely significantly lower compared with the other five strains. The differences among the five strains were not significant. NY2 had the lowest pod boring rate(5.2 %),extremely significantly lower than SK14 strain,and significantly lower than LH2,BJ32 and BJ33. The starch content of SK14 was the highest(65.899 %),which was very significantly higher than that of NY2,LH2,SJ30 and BJ32 strains. The soluble sugar content of BJ32 was the highest(27.496 %),extremely significantly higher than that of NY2,LH2 and BJ33 strains,and significantly higher than that of SK14 and SJ30 strains. The soluble protein content of SJ30 was the highest(11.808 mg/gFW),which was very significantly higher than that of BJ33. No significant differences were found in soluble protein content among SJ30,NY2,LH2,SK14 and BJ33. DTOPSIS evaluation demonstrated that BJ33 had the highest score,C_i was 0.8336,and the optimal comprehensive characters.【Conclusion】BJ33 has strong tree vigor, high yield, filled fruit, big seed, high seed production rate, good quality and taste. It has the optimal comprehensive evaluation and can be developed as good S. nobilis Smith variety. SK 14, BJ 32 and NY2 has fine performance on single trait, and can be used as genetic resources in variety improvement.