习近平扶贫思想视角下人口较少民族脱贫攻坚研究

Poverty Alleviation for Ethnic Groups With Small Population in Light of Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Thoughts

精准扶贫背景下,对人口较少民族脱贫攻坚提出了更高的要求。运用习近平扶贫思想,选取率先整族脱贫的独龙族和基诺族为研究对象,总结提炼安居工程、基本生活保障、就医保障、教育扶贫、产业扶持、基础设施建设、“扶志”保障等脱贫攻坚实践。发现当前人口较少民族脱贫攻坚过程中存在重建设轻运营管理、扶持项目适应性不足、参与主体错位、公共服务与需求不匹配等问题,制约了精准扶贫的政策执行效果。基于新时代脱贫攻坚战略的背景,提出兼顾短期重建设+长期重监督、兼顾经济社会发展+生态保护、兼顾外部帮扶+自力更生、兼顾脱贫攻坚+乡村振兴等较少民族脱贫摘帽的创新路径。

Under the background of targeted approach to alleviating poverty,higher requirements have been put forward for the ethnic groups with small population.Based on Xi Jinping's poverty alleviation thoughts,this paper selects Dulong people and Jinuo people,who took the lead in poverty alleviation,as the research object.First of all,the authors presented the results:affordable housing construction project;basic living security;medical insurance;poverty alleviation through education;industrial supporting;infrastructure construction;igniting aspiration.Secondly,the authors found that in the current process of ethnic groups with small population,there are problems such as emphasis on construction but not on operation and management,inadequate adaptation of supporting projects,dislocation of participants,and mismatch between public services and demand,which restricted the implementation poverty alleviation.Finally,under the background of the strategy of poverty alleviation in the new era,the authors put forward"short-term construction+long-term supervision";"economic and social development+ecological protection";"external assistance+self-reliance";"poverty alleviation+rural revitalization".