约旦现代化进程中的社会结构变化

Changes of Social Structure in the Process of Jordan's Modernization

约旦在现代化进程中经历了社会结构的变化,主要表现为传统结构与现代结构在社会内部同时存在且相互交织。传统部落与大家族势力通过攫取国家的政治权力,实现了权力在上层内部相对稳定的传递。部落成员依靠家族与部落势力,依据亲缘与血缘关系,获取了现代中间阶层的地位,且实现代际地位传承。由于约旦存在大批巴勒斯坦难民这一特殊群体,巴勒斯坦人在融入约旦社会的过程中面临地位落差的问题,这导致约旦的双重社会结构更趋复杂。约旦现代化与海湾国家石油经济的发展为社会结构中各阶层间的流动开辟了渠道。然而,约旦国内外政治与经济环境导致中产阶层仍面临向上流动的困难与向下流动的危险,其中阶层向下流动的压力易引发社会震荡。

Jordan's social structure has evolved in its modernization process, which is mainly reflected in its intertwined traditional structure and modern structure. By seizing the political power of the state of traditional tribes and major families, relatively stable transfer of power within the upper layers has been achieved. The tribal members rely on family and tribal forces, based on kinship and blood relationship, to acquire the status of the modern middle class, and realize the inheritance of intergenerational status. Due to the existence of a large group of Palestinian refugees in Jordan, the Palestinians face the problem of falling status in the process of their integrating into Jordanian society, which has further complicated Jordan's dual social structure. Generally speaking, Jordan's modernization and the development of the Gulf oil economy have opened channels for mobility between various strata in the social structure. While the political and economic environment in Jordan and abroad have made its middle class face the difficulty of upward mobility and the danger of downward mobility. The pressure of downward mobility is likely to create social shocks.