中国嫁接技艺起源的考辨与勘误

Textual Research and Correction on the Origin of Grafting Techniques in China

我国是有着悠久农业历史的文明古国,但由于很多珍贵古籍已经失传或是难以考证其具体成书年代,故难以明确关于我国古代嫁接的缘起和最早记载年代,导致异说纷呈。通过对大量文献的考证分析,认为中国古代可能是受天然嫁接和寄生植物的启发,或因扦插技术的发展而发明了人工嫁接技术。目前考证出比较可靠的最早记载我国人工嫁接的古籍是《尔雅》中的《释木》篇,大致出自春秋至西汉初年,更具体的成书时期还有待进一步考证。此外,对一些文献中关于植物嫁接起源的错误进行了探讨。

China is an ancient civilized country with a long history of agriculture. However, due to the loss of many precious ancient books, it is difficult to verify their specific book-making years, and is thus hard to clarify the origin and the earliest record of the ancient Chinese grafting. Through review and analysis of a large number of literatures, we hold that the invention of artificial grafting technology in ancient China may be inspired by natural grafting and parasitic plants or owing to the development of cutting technology.At present, textual research has proved that the earliest reliable record of artificial grafting in ancient China is from chapter "Shimu" in the book of Erya, which roughly came from the Spring and Autumn Period to the early Western Han Dynasty, while the more specific finishing time of the book needs to be further clarified. In addition, some errors related to the origin of plant grafting in some literatures have been discussed.