威廉·坦普尔的园林理论初探——以《论伊壁鸠鲁的园林,或论园艺》为分析对象

Sir William Temple’s Theory on Garden: the Study of Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, or of Gardening

威廉·坦普尔爵士园林思想的研究,一直是学术界研究的薄弱之处。实际上,坦普尔在《论伊壁鸠鲁的园林,或论园艺》中系统地探讨了园林的起源、伦理意义和审美形态等问题。他从病原学的角度出发,把园林作为治疗人们过剩欲望的理想之地。他虽然赞同伊壁鸠鲁主义的退隐思想,却从政治德性、顺从自然、自由选择3个方面阐述了园林的退隐伦理。在园林之美上,他认为美在于形式,但是这种形式既包括欧洲的规则式之美,也包括中国的不规则之美。坦普尔的园林理论对我国当下的疗养院园林、私家园林的建设等有一定的指导意义。

Sir William Temple’s garden theory has always been neglected in the current academic research.In fact, Temple systematically discussed the origins, ethical significance and aesthetic form of gardens in Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, or of Gardening. From the point of view of etiology, he regarded gardens as an ideal place to treat people ’s excessive desires. Although he agreed with Epicurean theory of retreating from public affairs, he expounded the ethics thoughts of gardens from political virtue, obedience with nature and free choice. In terms of the beauty of gardens, he believed that beauty lies in form, and this form includes not only the regular form of the Europe, but also the irregular beauty of China. Temple’s garden theory has certain guiding significance for the construction of sanatorium garden and private garden in China.