城市企业水环境风险源分级评价——以常州市武南片区为例

Grading Evaluation of Water Environment Risk Sources in Urban Enterprises - aCase Study of Changzhou Wunan District

从环境风险系统理论出发,基于水环境风险物质种类和贮存量、生产工艺过程中水环境风险控制情况、水环境风险受体敏感程度等指标体系,采用风险分级矩阵方法,开展武南片区202家重点企业水环境风险源分级评价,为区域水质安全管理和应急管理提供辅助决策支持。结果显示,重大、较大以及一般风险企业分别有2家、57家和143家,分别占总风险企业的1%、28%和71%。76种涉水风险物质中,硫酸镍、氯化镍、硫酸、氰化钠、盐酸以及二甲苯须重点关注,尤其是硫酸镍。区域水环境风险源主要涉及化学原料和化学制品制造业、纺织业、金属制品业三个行业(占比90.56%),企业空间分布不均,主要集中在横山桥镇、湖塘镇(占比50.96%),是今后水环境风险源管理的重点行业及重点区域。2家重大水环境风险企业分布在前黄镇和礼嘉镇,尤须重点关注。针对重点区域以及重大风险源企业提出了针对性的风险防控对策。

Based on the theory of environmental risk system, according to the index system of water environment risk substance type and storage quantity, water environment risk control in the production process, water environment risk receptor sensitivity, and so on, the risk grading matrix method was adopted to grade and evaluate the water environment risk source of 202 enterprises in the south of Wu Nan region. It is helpful for regional water quality safety management and emergency management to provide decision support. The results showed that there were 2 major, 57 large and 143 general risk enterprises, respectively accounting for 1 %, 28 % and 71 % of the total risk enterprises. Among the 76 hazardous substances, nickel sulphate, nickel chloride, sulfuric acid, sodium cyanide, hydrochloric acid and xylene should be the focus of attention, especially nickel sulphate. Regional water environmental risk sources mainly involve chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, textile industry and metal products industry (accounting for 90.56 %), and the enterprises are unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in Heng Shan bridge town and Hu Tang town (accounting for 50.96 %), which will be the key industry and key region of water environmental risk source management in the future. Two major water environment risk enterprises are located in Qian Huang town and Li Jia town, which should be paid special attention. In view of key regions and major risk source enterprises proposed targeted risk prevention and control countermeasures.