辣木叶提取物与复合益生菌联用对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响

Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Combined with Compound Probiotics on Performance,Egg Quality,Antioxidant Ability,Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function of Laying Ducks

本试验旨在研究辣木叶提取物与复合益生菌联用对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响。选取25周龄金定蛋鸭500只,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1~4组在基础饲粮中添加1.5 g/kg复合益生菌后,再分别添加0、1.0、1.5和2.0 g/kg的辣木叶提取物。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1组的平均蛋重和料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验3和4组的产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05),试验3和4组的料蛋比显著增加(P<0.05),试验4组的平均蛋重显著增加(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验2、3和4组的蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05),试验2和3组的蛋黄颜色显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组的蛋壳厚度显著降低(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2、3和4组的蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05),试验2组的蛋黄颜色显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清和蛋黄丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清和蛋黄超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加(P<0.05);各试验组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及试验2、3和4组蛋黄GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2和3组血清和蛋黄SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组血清GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05),试验2、3和4组蛋黄GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,各试验组血清和蛋黄甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验3组血清TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2、3和4组蛋黄TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验3组血清和蛋黄LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2和3组血清HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,各试验组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和十二指肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2组血清IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组血清IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,单独使用复合益生菌能显著降低料蛋比,增强蛋鸭抗氧化性能,改善脂质代谢,提高免疫球蛋白分泌量;辣木叶提取物和复合益生菌联用则可显著增强蛋壳强度,且在增强蛋鸭抗氧化性能、改善脂质代谢和提高免疫球蛋白分泌量方面综合效果优于单独使用复合益生菌,其中以试验3组(1.5 g/kg复合益生菌+1.5 g/kg辣木叶提取物)效果较好。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract combined with compound probiotics on performance,egg quality,antioxidant ability,lipid metabolism and immune function of laying ducks.A total of 500 twenty-five-week-old Jinding ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 20 ducks per replicate.Ducks in the control group were fed a basal diet,and others in trial groups 1 to 4 were fed the basal diets supplemented with 1.5 g/kg complex probiotics,then supplemented with 0,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract,respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week,and the experimental period lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average egg weight and feed to egg ratio of trial group 1 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group 1,the laying rate of trial groups 3 and 4 were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the feed to egg ratio of trial groups 3 and 4 were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the average egg weight of trial group 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the eggshell strength of trial groups 2,3 and 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05),the yolk color of trial groups 2 and 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the eggshell thickness of trial group 4 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group 1,the eggshell strength of trial groups 2,3 and 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the yolk color of trial group 2 was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the serum and yolk malondialdehyde(MDA)content of all trial groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum and yolk superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was significantly increased(P<0.05);the serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of all trial groups and yolk GSH-Px activity of trial groups 2,3 and 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group 1,the serum and yolk SOD activity was significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum GSH-Px activity of trial group 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the yolk GSH-Px activity of trial groups 2,3 and 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the contents of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in serum and yolk of all trial groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group 1,the serum TC content of trial group 3 was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the yolk TC content of trial groups 2,3 and 4 was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the serum and yolk LDL-C content of trial group 3 was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum HDL-C content of trial groups 2 the serum immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM)contents and duodenal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)content of all trial groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group 1,the serum IgG content of trial group 2 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum IgM content of trial group 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05).and 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)Compared with the control group,the serum immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM)contents and duodenal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)content of all trial groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with trial group 1,the serum IgG content of trial group 2 was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum IgM content of trial group 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,use compound probiotics alone can significantly reduce the egg to egg ratio,enhance the antioxidant ability of laying ducks,improve lipid metabolism and increase the secretion of immunoglobulin;the combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and compound probiotics can significantly enhance eggshell strength,and the overall effect of enhancing the duck's antioxidant ability,improving lipid metabolism and increasing immunoglobulin secretion is better than using compound probiotics alone,the trial group 3(1.5 g/kg compound probiotics and 1.5 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract)has the better effects.