新中国成立以来学生“减负”历程的回顾与反思

Review and Reflection on the Process of Students’ Academic Burden Alleviation since the Founding of New China

中华人民共和国成立70年来,学生"减负"历程相继经历了四个阶段:"初期探索"阶段从身体健康出发减轻学生负担;"过度矫正"阶段大力减轻智育负担;"观念转向"阶段推进素质教育缓解升学压力;"正本清源"阶段全方位综合治理减轻课外负担。反思历史,阶层跃迁焦虑导致的升学竞争,是学生负担过重的根本原因;以"应试教育"为纽带的"利益联盟",是学生负担过重的直接原因。展望未来,正确理解学生"负担"的内涵,是坚定不移推进减负工作的前提;增强减负政策的科学制定、民主推进和利益回报,是切实减轻学生负担的关键;坚持"以人为本"的多元而有质量的新教育公平观,是真正实现减负的可行路径。

In the past 70 years after the founding of People’s Republic of China,the students’ academic burden alleviation process had experienced four stages,which are the"initial exploration"stage reducing students’ workload for the sake of students’ physical health,the"overcorrection"stage alleviating the burden of intellectual education,the"concept shifting"stage promoting quality-oriented education to relieve the pressure of entering college,and the"radical reform"stage reducing extracurricular burden comprehensively and all-roundly.Reflecting on history,the competition for further studies caused by class transition anxiety is the root cause of students’ over-workload,and the"interest alliance"with exam oriented education as the link is the direct cause of the overload of students.Looking forward to the future,correctly understanding the connotation of students’ workload is the prerequisite for unswervingly promoting the academic burden alleviation;enhancing the scientific formulation,democratic advancement,and return of benefits of academic burden alleviation policy is the key to effectively reduce students’ workload;and adhering to"people-oriented"and diversified new concept of educational equity is a feasible way to truly reduce students’ workload..