养分供应浓度对温室黄瓜生长、产量及矿质元素含量的影响

Effects of different nutrient supply concentrations on growth,yield and mineral element content of cucumber in greenhouse

设施土壤养分富集且不平衡,不合理的施用配方肥会影响作物生长发育进而导致产量降低.以黄瓜为研究对象,采用土壤盆栽的方式系统研究了黄瓜配方肥(N、P2O5、K2O质量比为1:0.3:1.5,原料为尿素、硝酸钾及磷酸二氢钾)在7种不同供肥质量浓度(0、0.5、1、2、4、6及8 g·L-1)下对黄瓜生长、产量及矿质元素含量的影响.试验结果表明,当供肥浓度为0时,土壤供应养分能力不足,容易造成黄瓜植株缺氮现象明显,植株生长及产量明显受抑制;当供肥浓度范围在0.5~2 g·L-1时,能保证黄瓜植株正常生长的前提下持续增产,当供肥浓度达到2 g·L-1时,黄瓜产量最高,但此时土壤中全盐、碱解氮及速效钾含量有明显增加趋势,说明土壤已出现一定的养分累积;当供肥浓度范围在4~8 g·L-1时,由于养分浓度高,黄瓜植株遭受盐胁迫抑制,植株生长受阻,黄瓜新生叶片的镁含量下降,出现叶脉间失绿现象,产量显著下降,并且土壤中盐分及养分累积严重,不利于黄瓜可持续种植.综上所述,黄瓜结果期合适的配方肥供应浓度为1 g·L-1.

Soil nutrients are enriched and unbalanced in the facility cultivation,and the unreasonable application of formula fertilizers will affect the growth and development of vegetables,leading to decreasing yield.Pot experiments was carried out for studying the effects of seven different concentrations(0,0.5,1,2,4,6 and 8 g·L-1)of formula fertilizer(N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.3∶1.5,the raw materials were urea,potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate)on growth,yield and mineral element content of cucumber.The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients were insufficient,which was likely to cause obvious nitrogen deficiency in the cucumber leaf,the plant growth and yield were obviously inhibited,when the concentration of fertilizer was 0.The yield were continuously increased on the premise of normal plant growth of cucumber,when the concentration of fertilizer was range from 0.5-2 g·L-1.When the concentration of fertilizer was2 g·L-1,the yield of cucumber was the highest,but the contents of whole salt,alkali nitrogen and available potassium were increased significantly in soil,indicating that the soil nutrients were partly accumulated.When the fertilizer concentration ranged from 4-8 g·L-1,the plant of cucumber was stressed by high nutrient concentration and the growth of the plants was inhibited.Under high nutrient concentration,the Mg content of cucumber leaf was decreased and the chlorosis phenomenon between veins was appeared,leading to significantly decreasing of the yield.In addition,the accumulation of salt and nutrient were serious,which was not conducive to sustainable cultivation of cucumber.In summary,the suitable supplication concentration of formula fertilizer for cucumber was 1 g·L-1.