胃癌相关基因的研究新进展

New Research Progress of Gastric Cancer Related Genes

胃癌是指起源于胃壁最表层黏膜上皮细胞的肿瘤,其发生是一个多步骤、多因素参与的进行性发展过程,涉及环境和饮食因素、幽门螺杆菌感染、遗传因素、癌前状态等方面的影响。虽然目前内镜检查、血清肿瘤标志物、影像学等相关技术有所提高,但由于大部分胃癌患者早期无特殊临床表现,确诊时多已为肿瘤晚期,传统的手术及药物治疗效果欠佳,故胃癌相关基因的研究显得十分重要。其中,原癌基因、抑癌基因、微RNA等在胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移、凋亡、血管生成及耐药机制中扮演重要角色,其深入研究有望为胃癌的诊治提供新方法。

Gastric cancer is a tumor that originates from the mucosal epithelial cells at the most superficial layer of the gastric wall.Its occurrence is a progressive process with multi-step and multi-factor participation.It involves environmental and dietary factors,Helicobacter pylori infection,genetic factors,precancerous conditions and so on.Although the current endoscopic examination,serum tumor markers,imaging and other related techniques have been improved,because most of the patients with gastric cancer have no special clinical manifestations in the early stage,most of them are diagnosed as advanced stage,and the effect of traditional operation and drug treatment is not good.Therefore,the study of gastric cancerrelated genes is very important.Among them,proto-oncogene,antioncogene and micro RNA play important roles in the mechanism of proliferation,invasion,metastasis,apoptosis,angiogenesis and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells,and its in-depth study is expected to provide a new method for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.