小麦种子注入低能氮离子束的诱变效应

Mutagenic Effect of Wheat Seeds Injected with Low Energy N+Ion Beam

为促进优质小麦育种技术体系建设,提升小麦品质,应用低能氮离子束注入技术,对小麦种子注入适量(剂量为3×10^17 N+/cm^2)的氮离子束,研究注入氮离子束对小麦种子活力、幼苗POD和CAT活性以及植株农艺形状的影响。结果表明:与未注入氮离子束处理相比,注入氮离子束的小麦种子发芽势和出苗率显著降低(P<0.05),发芽率、幼苗鲜重和苗高降低,幼苗POD、CAT活性增大;植株形态变化明显,顶一叶长度突变,株高变矮,麦穗从有芒变为部分缺芒或无芒,千粒重增加。低能氮离子束注入小麦种子对小麦幼苗、植株及穗粒形态有明显的生物学效应,对小麦种质材料的改良具有一定作用。

The effects of low energy N+ion beam treatment on seed vigor,seedling POD and CAT activity and plant agronomic traits of wheat are studied by injecting 3×10^17 N+/cm^2 N+ion into wheat seeds to promote construction of high-quality wheat breeding technological system for improving wheat quality.Result:The germination vigor and emergence rate of wheat seeds injected with 3×10^17 N+/cm^2 N+ion both are lower than CK(non-low energy N+ion beam treatment)significantly(P<0.05).The germination rate,fresh seedling weight and height of wheat seeds injected with 3×10^17 N+/cm^2 N+ion reduce but the seedling POD and CAT activity increases compared with CK.The low energy N+ion beam treatment induces obvious morphological change of wheat plants including mutation of top leaf length,plant height,awns and 1000-kernel weight.The low energy N+ion beam treatment has the obvious biological effect on morphology of wheat seedling,wheat plant,ear and kernel,which indicates that the low energy N+ion beam treatment has a certain effect on improvement of wheat germplasm materials.