贵州古茶树种质资源的生育期及春梢萌发特性

Growth Stage and Spring Shoot Germination Characteristics of Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources in Guizhou

为合理开发利用野生茶树资源及选育茶树新品种提供理论依据,采用挂牌观察方法,对31个贵州古茶树资源4年生幼苗春梢萌发及芽叶生长状况进行调查研究。结果表明:31份茶树种质资源的萌发、一芽1叶初展、一芽2叶初展和一芽3叶初展各生育期分别集中在2月27日至3月15日、3月15日至4月3日、3月23日至4月9日和3月30日至4月15日;萌发、一芽1叶初展、一芽2叶初展和一芽3叶初展各生育期(春梢)>10℃的平均活动积温分别为159.1℃、96.0℃、118.4℃和373.5℃,变幅分别为92.5~249.0℃、50.5~136.0℃、62.5~168.5℃和249.0~475.5℃;萌发期较福鼎大白茶萌发时间提前的有久安2、久安4和久安7等8个材料,延后的有清沙、都清和烂木青等16个材料;一芽1叶初展期提前的有久安2、久安4和久安5等12个材料,延后的有久安3、道真1和道真2等17个材料;一芽2叶初展期提前的有久安2、久安4和丰乐等7个材料,延后的有久安3、久安7和清沙等18个材料;一芽3叶初展期提前的有久安2、久安4和久安5等10个材料,延后的有久安3、都清和烂木青等15个材料。萌动到形成一芽1叶的活动积温为92.5~249.0℃,萌芽到一芽3叶期的活动积温为249.0~475.5℃;萌发期芽头多为饱满的淡黄色或浅绿色;一芽1叶开展期芽叶多为较软的嫩绿色;一芽2叶开展期芽叶多为较软或较硬的嫩绿色;一芽3叶开展期芽叶基本为较硬的墨绿色和较软的嫩绿色。

The spring shoot germination,and bud and leaf growth status of tea saplings with four-year old from 31 ancient tea germplasm resources in Guizhou are investigated by using hand tag observation method to provide the theoretical basis for rational development and utilization of wild tea resources and breeding of new tea variety.Result:The germination stage,initial unfold stage of one bud with one leaf,initial unfold stage of one bud with two leaves and initial unfold stage of one bud with three leaves of 31 tea germplasm resources focuses on Feb.27-Mar.15,Mar.15-Apr.3,Mar.23-Apr.9 and Mar.30-Apr.15 respectively.The average>10℃active accumulated temperature and variation range of spring shoots of 31 tea germplasm resources at germination stage,initial unfold stage of one bud with one leaf,initial unfold stage of one bud with two leaves and initial unfold stage of one bud with three leaves are 159.1℃,96.0℃,118.4℃and 373.5℃,and 92.5-249.0℃,50.5-136.0℃,62.5-168.5℃and 249.0-475.5℃separately.The germination stage of eight tea varieties(Jiuan 2,Jiuan 4,Jiuan 7.etc.)and 16 tea varieties(Qingsha,Duqing,Lanmuqing.etc.)is before and after Fudingdabai tea respectively.The initial unfold stage of one bud with one leaf of 12 tea varieties(Jiuan 2,Jiuan 4,Jiuan 5.etc.)and 17 tea varieties(Jiuan 3,Daozhen 1,Daozhen 2.etc.)is before and after Fudingdabai tea respectively.The initial unfold stage of one bud with two leaves of 7 tea varieties(Jiuan 2,Jiuan 4,Fengle and so on)and 18 tea varieties(Jiuan 3,Jiuan 7,Qingsha and so on)is before and after Fudingdabai tea separately.The initial unfold stage of one bud with three leaves of 10 tea varieties(Jiuan 2,Jiuan 4,Jiuan 5 and so on)and 15 tea varieties(Jiuan 3,Duqing,Lanmuqing and so on)is before and after Fudingdabai tea respectively.The active accumulated temperature from germination to one bud with one leaf and from germination to one bud with three leaves is 92.5-249.0℃and 249.0-475.5℃separately.The bud color of tea at germination stage is fully light yellow or light green.The bud color of tea at unfold stage of one bud with one leaf is tender peak green.The bud color of tea at unfold stage of one bud with two leaves is tender or hard peak green.The bud color of tea at unfold stage of one bud with three leaves is hard dark green and tender peak green.