黔东南州露地袋栽黑木耳的气候适宜性

Climate Suitability of Bag Cultivation Auricularia auricula in Open Field in Southeast Guizhou

为黔东南州黑木耳的产业发展提供科学的气候依据,以黑木耳为试材,黔东南州16县市1988—2017年气象数据为研究对象,观测适宜黑木耳生长的气候指标,分析露地袋栽黑木耳生长的气候条件,探讨露地袋栽黑木耳在黔东南州的生长气候适宜性。结果表明:15.0~18.5℃时,袋栽黑木耳完成催芽需要14 d;袋栽黑木耳出耳阶段适宜气温为15~25℃,20℃左右时生长最快,适宜相对湿度80%以上,适当光照,品质更好;黔东南袋栽黑木耳温度、湿度条件优越,最适宜时间是春季和秋季,海拔560 m以上地区冬季有15~40 d的低温不适宜期,835m以下地区夏季存在20~100 d高温不适宜期。湿度条件好,在黑木耳生长期内,根据天气适当浇水即可满足黑木耳生长的需求。温度满足条件下,黔东南州一年四季均可种植生产黑木耳,实现不同地区错季栽培、四季供应。

The climate conditions of bag cultivation Auricularia auricula growth in open field are analyzed according to suitable climate indexes for growth of Auricularia auricula by studying the meteorological data of 16 counties and cities in Southeast Guizhou during 1988~2017 to discuss the climate suitability for growth of bag cultivation A.auricula in open field and to provide the scientific climate basis for development of A.auricular industry in Southeast Guizhou.Result:The bag cultivation A.auricula needs 14 d to finish germination at 15.0~18.5℃.The suitable temperature and relative humidity at fruiting stage of bag cultivation A.auricula are 15~25℃and above 80%.The bag A.auricula at fruiting stage grows fastest at 20℃and the quality is better under appropriate sunshine.The optimum seasons of bag cultivation A.auricula growth are spring and autumn in Southeast Guizhou due to its superior temperature and humidity conditions.There is 15~40 d unsuitability period for growth of A.auricula in areas at an elevation of>560 m due to low temperature in winter and 20~100 d unsuitability period for growth of A.auricula in areas at an elevation of<835 m due to high temperature in summer.Suitably watering can meet the demand of bag cultivation A.auricula growth during growth period according to weather conditions due to the good humidity condition.Bag cultivation A.auricula can be all year cultivated in Southeast Guizhou at sufficient temperature to realize off-season cultivation and supply all seasons.