青年马克思的哲学立场及其开辟的“真正的哲学”

The Philosophical Standpoint of Youth Marx and His“Real Philosophy”

如何探索青年马克思最重要的哲学开创和他的哲学的本真精神,是当代马克思主义者的任务。我们认为,青年马克思开辟的“真正的哲学”,是建立在他的人类学精神和人类学立场之上的新唯物主义哲学。从这种立根于人类学立场的新唯物主义哲学出发,引起了哲学的如下变革:(1)由“绝对精神”的视野,转换为“人类精神”的视野;(2)从形而上学的“存在的存在”本体论,转换为“人的个体生命存在”本体论;(3)由对宗教神学世界的非理性之批判,转换为对人类世界的非法性之批判;(4)由思辨性的真理论哲学,转换为行动性的价值论哲学;(5)由“解释世界”的认识论哲学,转换为“改变世界”的实践论哲学。通过这一切,青年马克思就完成了哲学的人类学转向,把关于“整个世界”的哲学,转换成了关于人和人类世界的新哲学,这就是人类学哲学。而这一哲学对于今天人类世界的世界历史发展来说,是至关重要的。

It is the task of contemporary Marxists to explore the most important philosophical creation of Youth Marx and the true spirit of his philosophy.We argue that the“Real Philosophy”opened up by young Marx is a new materialist philosophy based on his anthropological spirit and standpoint.From this philosophy rooted in anthropology,the following changes in philosophy were caused:from the perspective of“absolute spirit”to that of“human spirit”;from the ontology of“existence of existence”in metaphysics to that of“existence of individual life”;from the irrational criticism of the religious theological world to that of the illegality of the human world;from the speculative philosophy of truth theory to axiological philosophy of action;from the epistemological philosophy of“explaining the world”to the practical philosophy of“changing the world”.Through all these,young Marx completed the anthropological turn of philosophy,transforming the philosophy of“the whole world”into a new one of man and the human world,which is the philosophy of anthropology,and which is crucial to the development of world history in today s world.