2008-2018年北海市手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Beihai city,2008-2018

目的分析2008-2018年北海市手足口病流行病学特征,为手足口病防控工作提供科学依据。方法选取中国疾病预防控制信息系统2008-2018年北海市手足口病病例,应用描述性流行病学方法对三间分布特征进行分析,同时对部分病例样本进行实验室检测。结果2008-2018年北海市共报告手足口病例75211例,年均发病率431.09/10万;其中手足口重症185例(占0.25%),死亡14例,病死率18.61/10万;2008-2018年,北海市手足口病实验室共检测手足口病样本2846份,阳性2222份(阳性率78.07%)。轻症病例病毒分型以其它肠道病毒通用型为主(占37.18%),而重症病例以肠道病毒71型为主(占90.32%)。发病高峰主要集中在4-6月,9-11月有一个次高峰;海城区报告发病率最高,病例主要集中在1~3岁年龄段的散居儿童。结论2008-2018年北海市手足口病的发病率占据该市法定报告传染病的主要位置,该病2-3年为一个流行周期的现象仍将长期存在。防控重点主要是在发病高峰来临前提前介入,加强5岁以下重点人群特别是散居儿童的宣教和防控工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Beihai city from 2008 to 2018,and to provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention and control.Methods HFMD cases in Beihai city during 2008-2018 were collected from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence time,regional and population distribution characteristics of the cases;meanwhile,samples of some cases were tested in the laboratory.Results A total of 75,211 cases of HFMD were reported in Beihai city during 2008-2018,with an average annual incidence rate of 431.09/100,000.There were 185(0.25%)severe cases and 14 deaths,and the case fatality rate was 18.61/100,000.A total of 2,846 HFMD samples were tested in the polymerase chain reaction laboratory of HFMD in Beihai city during 2008-2018,and 2,222 positive samples were detected(with the positive rate of 78.07%).Universal enteroviruses(37.18%)were the main virus types in mild cases,while EV71(90.32%)was the main virus type in severe cases.The incidence peak mainly occurred during April-June,but there was a secondary incidence peak observed in September-November.The reported incidence rate was found to be the highest in Haicheng district,and most of the cases were scattered children aged 1-3 years.Conclusions The incidence rate of HFMD was found to be the highest among the notifiable infectious diseases in Beihai city from 2008 to 2018.The phenomenon about a 2-or 3-year epidemic cycle of HFMD will still exist for a long time.HFMD prevention and control should focus on early intervention before the incidence peak period and strengthen target publicity and education in the key population aged below 5 years,especially in scattered children.