不同喂养方式对早产儿胃促生长素、瘦素和生长发育的影响

Effects of different feeding methods on ghrelin,leptin and growth and development of premature infants

目的分析不同喂养方式对早产儿胃促生长素、瘦素和生长发育的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2018年6月于南充市中心医院接受治疗的113例早产儿(非混合喂养)的临床资料,按照喂养方法不同将其分为母乳喂养组(56例)和配方奶喂养组(57例),观察并比较两组早产儿1月龄、6月龄、12月龄时胃促生长素、瘦素和生长发育情况。结果6月龄时,母乳喂养组早产儿胃促生长素和瘦素水平均显著高于配方奶喂养组(均P<0.05);12月龄时,母乳喂养组早产儿的瘦素水平显著低于配方奶喂养组(P=0.047)。6月龄、12月龄时,两组早产儿的体重、头围和身长增长幅度均显著小于本组1月龄时的增长幅度(均P<0.05),且母乳喂养组早产儿上述指标增长幅度随着时间的延长均明显减缓(均P<0.05)。母乳喂养组早产儿6月龄的体重、头围和身长的增长幅度均显著大于配方奶喂养组(均P<0.05),母乳喂养组早产儿12月龄的体重和身长增长幅度均显著小于配方奶喂养组(均P<0.05)。结论早产儿出生6个月内,母乳喂养更能促进其生长发育。但与12月龄时的母乳喂养早产儿相比,配方奶喂养的早产儿生长发育更好。

Objective To analyze the effects of different feeding methods on ghrelin,leptin and growth and development of premature infants.Method The clinical data of 113 premature infants(non-mixed feeding)treated in Nanchong Central Hospital from June 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed,they were divided into breast feeding group(n=56)and formula feeding group(n=57)according to different feeding methods,the levels of ghrelin,leptin,and growth and development premature infants of at 1-month,6-month and 12-month old were observed and compared.Result At 6-month old,the levels of leptin and ghrelin in breast feeding group were significantly higher than those in formula feeding group(all P<0.05).At 12-month old,the level of leptin in breast feeding group was significantly lower than that in formula feeding group(P=0.047).The growth rates of body weight,head circumference and body length of premature infants at 6-month old and 12-month old in both groups were significantly lower than those at 1-month old(all P<0.05),and the growth rate of the above indexes slows down obviously in breast feeding group with the extension of time(all P<0.05).At 6-month old,the growth rates of body weight,head circumference and body length of premature infants in breast-feeding group were significantly higher than those in formula feeding group(all P<0.05).At 12-month old,the growth rates of body weight and body length in breast feeding group were significantly lower than those in formula feeding group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Breast feeding can promote the growth and development of premature infants within 6 months of birth.However,compared with breast feeding premature infants at 12-month old,premature infants fed with formula grow better.