近31年来铜仁市暴雨气候特征分析

Analysis of rainstorm characteristics in Tongren in recent 31 years

利用贵州省铜仁市10个国家一般气象站1988—2018年每日降雨量资料,对铜仁市暴雨特征开展研究,结果表明:(1)铜仁市暴雨日出现在春、夏和秋季,且主要集中在5月到7月,6月暴雨日数最多;暴雨日数年变化呈现一定的波动;(2)铜仁市年均发生暴雨2.6~3.9站次,基本呈东多西少的暴雨特点。(3)暴雨存在3年左右和7年左右的周期,暴雨频数和暴雨量的M-K检验,存在多次突变,突变趋势基本一致。(4)31年暴雨频数在1990、2003年、2013年发生3次突变,1990年暴雨频数由少转多,2003年暴雨频数由多转少,2013年暴雨频数由少转多。

Based on the daily rainfall data from 1988 to 2018 in 10 national general meteorological stations in Tongren,Guizhou,we analyzed the characteristics of rainstorms in Tongren.The results showed that;(1)rainstorm days in Tongren mainly concentrated in spring,summer and autumn,from May to July,and June had the most rainstorm days;the number of rainstorm days fluctuated from year to year;(2)rainstorm occurred 2.6 to 3.9 times per station per year,and there were more rainstorms in the west than in the east;(3)there were 3-year and 7-year periods of rainstorms;the M-K test of the frequency and amount of rainstorms had multiple mutations,and the mutation trends were basically the same;(4)the frequency mutation of rainstorms occurred in 1990,2003 and 2013;in 1990,the frequency of rainstorms changed from less to more;in 2003,the frequency changed from more to less;and in 2013,the frequency changed from less to more.