回归20年澳门高等教育发展:特色、问题与对策

Higher Education Development in Macao(1999-2019):Features,Issues and Strategies

回归20年来,澳门高等教育形成了以多元化、国际化、制度化和本土化为核心的特色教育体系,实现了中西教育兼容并蓄,高校彰显特色错位发展;发挥了欧葡文化优势,建立高层次国际发展网络;构建了配套制度体系,推动高等院校规范运作;配合国家政策定位,培植服务澳门发展的人才教育转型和升级。但还存在高校办学空间受限,教育资源浪费;学科建设结构失衡,高校竞争力不强;就业市场易于饱和,规模效应难以实现;人才引进配套落后,高层次人才易流失的问题。今后澳门高等教育发展应注重深度融入粤港澳大湾区,支持澳门高校到内地独立办学;变革制度适应人才竞争趋势,吸纳海内外优秀人才;调整澳门高等院校办学结构,促进高教实现产业化;发挥资源优势协同与集成化,推动高校产学研结合发展。

The development of Macao’s higher education has formed a distinctive education system in the past two decades since its return to China.This system is characterized by diversification,internationalization,institutionalization and practicality.Its higher education has formed its own remarkable features including the compatibility of Chinese and Western education to show distinctive development of disparities;the leveraged European and Portuguese cultural advantages to establish a high-level international development network;the establishment of supporting systems to promote the standardized operation of higher education institutions;the coordination with China’s national policy to foster talents for educational transformation and upgrade.However,there are still some restraint factors that hinder Macao’s high education development such as the limited school running space resulting in the waste of educational resources;the unbalanced discipline structure leading to weak university competitiveness;the employment market is easy to saturate that the scale effects are difficult to achieve;the backward talent introduction mechanism contributing to high-level talents drain.In the future,the development of higher education in Macao should focus on the following aspects:1)Deep integration into the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area by supporting the institutions of Macao to run schools in the Mainland independently;2)Changing the system to adapt to the trend of talent competition and attract outstanding talents from all over the world;3)Giving full play to the advantages of resources,synergy and integration;4)Promoting the combination of production,teaching,and research in university development.