配电柜用铜腐蚀失效分析及防护措施的研究

Corrosion Failure Analysis and Protective Measures of Copper Used in Distribution Cabinet

低压配电柜用铜较高的故障率是影响设备稳定运行的重要原因,其中铜条的腐蚀问题最常见问题之一。本文运用扫描电子显微镜和能谱对铜表面的腐蚀产物进行形貌观测和成分分析,并分析材料发生腐蚀失效的主要原因,结果表明铜的腐蚀与空气中或所接触介质中的氯离子有关。运用传统电化学测试方法研究配电柜用铜在氯离子环境下的静态腐蚀行为演变规律,结果表明由于氯离子的存在,铜局部的点蚀造成金属基体的裸露,从而加速材料的局部腐蚀。基于以上研究得出在配电柜用铜的生产、运输和储存过程中,要注重材料与氯离子介质的隔离,同时可选用还原剂和活性炭固体颗粒,从化学反应和物理吸附层面消除环境中氯的影响,从而提高产品的质量和寿命。

The high failure rate of copper used in low-voltage power distribution cabinets is an important reason affecting the stable operation of the equipment.Corrosion is one of the most common problems with copper bars.In this paper,the scanning electron microscope and energy spectroscopy are used to observe the morphology and composition analysis of the corrosion products on the copper surface,and analyze the main reasons for the corrosion failure of the materials.The results show that the corrosion of copper is related to the chloride ions in the air or the contact medium.The traditional electrochemical test method is used to study the evolution of the static corrosion behavior of copper used in distribution cabinets under chloride ion environment.The results show that due to the presence of chloride ions,the local pitting of copper caused the metal substrate to be exposed,which accelerates the local corrosion of the material.Based on the above research,it is concluded that in the production,transportation and storage of copper for power distribution cabinets,it is necessary to pay attention to the isolation of materials from the chloride ion medium.At the same time,reducing agents and solid particles of activated carbon can be used to eliminate the chlorine affects in the environment by chemical reactions and physical adsorption,thereby improving the quality and life of the product.