中国环境信息公开的时空演化特征及其影响因素

Analysis on the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors ofenvironmental information disclosure in China

环境信息公开是大数据信息时代环境治理的新型工具,我国在立法和实践上取得了重要进展,准确把握其发展脉络、现实状况和驱动因素,是有效推动环境信息公开和发挥其治理效果的先决条件。基于2008—2017年120个城市的PITI指数,采用空间数据探索分析和动态空间面板模型方法,分析了我国环境信息公开的时空演化特征和影响因素。研究发现:①我国环境信息公开正处于向中等水平过渡阶段,表现出明显的区域不平衡现象,呈现“沿海-内陆”梯度递减特征。②我国环境信息公开表现出较强的空间集聚特征,呈现显著的空间“俱乐部”分布格局,区域内部空间溢出效应显著,区域间辐射带动作用较弱。③较高的经济发展水平和环保投入强度表现出显著的促进作用,而良好的企业绩效和教育水平、较高的社会舆论和环保监督压力并没有发挥应有的促增效应;较差的空气质量和较高的工业污染表现出显著的抑制效应,而提高外资引入和环保执法力度则表现出较弱的负向作用。沿海城市和智慧城市的促进作用相对较高,资源型城市则较低。④环境信息公开在时间、空间和时空维度上分别表现出叠加效应、同群效应和示范效应。因此,应逐步完善环境信息公开的体制机制,加快环保基础设施建设,推进企业环保信用评价,提高公众互动参与和监督,强化环保指导帮扶和监管执法,构建环境信息公开的长效机制。

Environmental information disclosure is a new tool of environmental governance in the age of big data,and accurately grasping its development context,current situation and driving factors is a prerequisite to its effective promotion.Based on the PITI index of 120 cities from 2008 to 2017,using the method of ESDA and dynamic spatial panel model,this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of environmental information disclosure in China.The results show that:①China s promotion of environmental information disclosure was relatively inefficient;there still existed an obvious regional imbalance and a gradient decline‘from coastland to inland’;②China s environmental information disclosure showed strong spatial agglomeration characteristics and spatial club distribution pattern.The spatial spillover effect in a region was significant,while the radiation driving effect between regions was weak;③Higher level of economic development and of environmental protection investment demonstrated significant promoting effects,while good enterprise performance and education level,higher pressure of public sentiment and supervision failed to produce proper positive effects.Poor air quality and higher industrial pollution showed a significant inhibition effect,and the improvement of the FDI and law enforcement demonstrated a weak negative effect.The promoting effect of environmental information disclosure in coastal cities and smart cities was higher,while that in the resource-based cities was lower;④Environmental information disclosure showed superposition effect,peer effect and demonstration effect respectively in time,space and space-time dimensions.Therefore,the government should gradually improve the infrastructure of environmental information and strengthen environmental supervision and law enforcement so that a long-term mechanism of environmental information disclosure can be established.