千米深井软岩大巷围岩锚架充协同控制原理、技术及应用

Principle,technology and application of soft rock roadway strata control by means of“rock bolting,U-shaped yielding steel arches and back filling”in synergy in 1000 m deep coal mines

针对煤矿千米深井高应力、软岩大巷围岩强时效大变形难题,以中煤新集口孜东矿软岩大巷为工程背景,根据井下实测数据与支护状况,分析了不同支护方式下巷道围岩大变形、支护构件破坏与失效特征。采用理论计算得出U型钢支架在均布载荷和不同类型集中载荷作用下的垂直反力、水平推力及弯矩,揭示了充填体对提高U型钢支架发挥其承载能力的作用机制;采用数值模拟分析对比了锚网喷、锚网喷+钢管混凝土及锚架充3种支护方式控制围岩变形与破坏的效果,阐明了千米深井软岩大巷锚架充协同控制原理。在引进与自主研发的基础上,形成了包括支护材料与构件、充填材料与系统、自动架棚机、单轨吊巷道锚杆支护平台的锚架充协同控制技术。基于上述研究成果,提出口孜东矿软岩大巷锚架充协同控制方案与参数,并进行了井下试验与推广应用。结果表明,锚架充协同控制技术能够有效控制千米深井软岩大巷围岩大变形,特别是强流变,保持巷道长期稳定。与原支护相比,巷道变形量降低90%以上,同时节约了巷道维护成本,为千米深井软岩大巷围岩控制提供了一条有效的途径。最后,对锚架充协同控制技术下一步研究工作进行了展望。

Aiming at the difficult problems associated with the time-sensitive large deformation of the high stress soft rock roadways in the 1000 m or more deep coal mines,according to the underground monitoring data and support states,the characteristics of large strata deformation,bolting component damage and failure under different methods of supports were obtained through underground survey and analysis on the soft rock roadway in the Kouzidong coal mine,China.The vertical reaction force,horizontal thrust and bending moment of the U-shaped steel arches under uniformly distributed loads and different types of concentrated loads bearing conditions were gained by theoretical calculation,which revealed the enhancing function mechanism of the filling on the bearing capacity of the U-shaped yielding steel arches.The effects of three support patterns for controlling the surrounding rock deformation and failure,which were the support by rock bolt-mesh-shotcrete,the support by rock bolt-mesh-shotcrete combined with steel tubs filled with concrete and the support by rock bolting,U-shaped yielding steel arches and back filling in synergy,were compared through the numerical simulation,and the principle of the soft rock roadway control by rock bolting,U-shaped yielding steel arches and back filling in synergy in 1000 m or more deep coal mines was illustrated.On the basis of introduction from abroad and independent research and development,the roadway control technology by means of rock bolting,U-shaped yielding steel arches and back filling in synergy including support materials and components,filling materials and system,automatic U-shaped yielding steel arch installation machine and the monorail roadway bolting operation platform was developed.Based on the achievements mentioned above,the rock control pattern and parameters were put forward with rock bolting,U-shaped yielding steel arches and back filling in synergy for the experimental roadway in Kouzidong coal mine,and the field experiment and monitoring were conducted.The monitoring data show that the roadway control technology by means of rock bolting,U-shaped yielding steel arches and back filling in synergy could effectively control the large roadway deformation in the 1000 m or more deep coal mines,especially the time-sensitive deformation,which made the roadway maintain stable for a long time.Compared with the effect of original support,the roadway deformation decreased by more than 90%and the cost for the roadway maintenance were reduced simultaneously,which provided an effective measure for the soft rock roadway control in 1000 m or more deep coal mines.