青藏高原高寒草甸鼠丘剥蚀特征及影响因素

Comparative Study on Erosion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Pika Mound Soil in Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2016~2018年,在青海省河南蒙古族自治县、泽库县以及门源县的高山嵩草草地选择鼠丘爆发区,分析鼠丘土壤的剥蚀状况,探讨高寒草地鼠丘土壤对地形、气候及植被的响应过程。结果显示:2016年河南县鼠丘高度4月、7月下降,10月上升,10月鼠丘高度增加至20.36cm;鼠丘直径和表面积在第一次越冬后达到最大值,分别为81.9cm和10235.21cm^2。鼠丘土壤剥蚀速率门源县>泽库县>河南县,平滩高于坡地;河南县不同草地类型鼠丘的剥蚀速率表现为高山嵩草草地>披碱草草地>杂类草草地。河南县鼠丘风蚀量和水蚀量均随形成时间逐渐减小。

The objective of this study was to compare the erosion characteristics and influencing factors of pika mound in alpine meadow.We selected the outbreak area of pika mound in the alpine Kobresia meadow of Henan mongolian autonomous county,Zeku county and Menyuan county of Qinghai province from 2016 to 2018,analyzed the erosion of pika mound soil and discussed the response process of pika mound soil to topography,climate and vegetation in alpine grassland.The results showed that the height of pika mound in Henan county decreased in April and July,and rose in October.The height of the pika mound increased to 20.36cm in October 2016.The diameter and surface area of the pika mound reached their maximum after the first overwinter,which were 81.9cm and 10235.21cm^2,respectively.The rate of soil erosion of pika mound in Menyuan county>Zeku county>Henan county was higher than that in slope land,and the rate of soil erosion of different grassland types in Henan county was alpine Kobresia grassland>Elymus grassland>weedy grassland.The amount of denudation by wind and water gradually decreased with the formation time in Henan county.