城市污染河道水环境生态治理效应分析——以北京市丰台区葆李沟为例

Effect of Ecological Treatment Mode of Water Environment in Urban Polluted River—Taking Baoligou,Fengtai District,Beijing as an Example

根据对北京市丰台区葆李沟的污染特征的诊断分析结果,设计并实施了具有针对性的生态治理模式,包括截污清淤、延长水体驻停时间、设置生态滤床、重建水生植物系统、微生物系统构建、水生动物系统构建等综合措施。在生态治理模式稳定运行后,对河道内污染物的去除效果及河道生态系统恢复状况进行了跟踪研究。结果表明:研究期间生态治理模式对葆李沟污染状况的改善具有明显效果,研究段内COD平均去除率为66.45%±0.11%,TP平均去除率为39.36%±0.01%,NH3-N平均去除率为36.13%±0.03%;在水生植物净化区内,3种污染物的去除贡献率与水生植物生物量及温度呈显著正相关关系,COD与NH3<sup>-N的去除贡献率与溶解氧呈显著正相关关系;生态治理模式的实施对河道表观特征、水文、形态、水质及物种丰度等方面具有明显改善作用。

According to the results of diagnosis and analysis of pollution characteristics of Baoligou in Fengtai District of Beijing,a targeted ecological treatment mode was designed and implemented,including comprehensive measures such as sewage interception and dredging,prolonging sewage purification time,setting up ecological filter beds,rebuilding aquatic plant systems,building microbial systems and aquatic animal systems,etc.After the stable operation of the ecological treatment mode,the removal efficiencies of pollutants in the river and the restoration status of the river ecosystem were tracked and studied.The results showed that the ecological treatment mode had an obvious effect on the improvement of pollution treatment in Baoligou during the study period.The average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand,total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the study period were 66.45%±0.11%,39.36%±0.01%and 36.13%±0.03%,respectively.In the aquatic plant purification zone,the removal rates of the three pollutants were significantly positively correlated with the aquatic plant biomass and temperature,and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with dissolved oxygen.The implementation of the ecological treatment mode had an obvious improvement on the scenic characteristics,hydrology,morphology,water quality and species abundance in the river.